Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Weakness Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Type: Write
  • Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
  • Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.

While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-119 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-119 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-119 · View CWE-1305
ChildOf: CWE-119 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.

Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.

Effectiveness: High

Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.

Automated Dynamic Analysis

This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.

Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-21 · CWE 1.6
Contribution: "Mapping CWE to 62443" Sub-Working Group · CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT SIG · 2023-04-25 · CWE 4.11

Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-06-23 · CWE 2.7

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Applicable_Platforms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

16871 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-JJMH-958W-RR2J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-09 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-13 00:30
VLAI
Details

Transient DOS due to buffer over-read in WLAN while parsing WLAN CSA action frames.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-33285"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-09T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Transient DOS due to buffer over-read in WLAN while parsing WLAN CSA action frames.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjmh-958w-rr2j",
  "modified": "2023-01-13T00:30:41Z",
  "published": "2023-01-09T09:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/january-2023-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJP4-6RRM-WRM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-19 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-19 18:30
VLAI
Details

An attacker sending specially crafted data packets to the Mobile Device Server can cause memory corruption which could result to a Denial of Service (DoS) or code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-46216"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-19T16:15:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An attacker sending specially crafted data packets to the Mobile Device Server can cause memory corruption which could result to a Denial of Service (DoS) or code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjp4-6rrm-wrm6",
  "modified": "2023-12-19T18:30:30Z",
  "published": "2023-12-19T18:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46216"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://download.wavelink.com/Files/avalanche_v6.4.2_release_notes.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJPM-Q6JH-V8GJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-21 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

A potential attacker can write one byte by arbitrary address at the time of the PEI phase (only during S3 resume boot mode) and influence the subsequent boot stages. This can lead to the mitigations bypassing, physical memory contents disclosure, discovery of any secrets from any Virtual Machines (VMs) and bypassing memory isolation and confidential computing boundaries. Additionally, an attacker can build a payload which can be injected into the SMRAM memory. This issue affects: Module name: SbPei SHA256: d827182e5f9b7a9ff0b9d3e232f7cfac43b5237e2681e11f005be627a49283a9 Module GUID: c1fbd624-27ea-40d1-aa48-94c3dc5c7e0d

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-40246"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-123",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-20T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential attacker can write one byte by arbitrary address at the time of the PEI phase (only during S3 resume boot mode) and influence the subsequent boot stages. This can lead to the mitigations bypassing, physical memory contents disclosure, discovery of any secrets from any Virtual Machines (VMs) and bypassing memory isolation and confidential computing boundaries. Additionally, an attacker can build a payload which can be injected into the SMRAM memory. This issue affects: Module name: SbPei SHA256: d827182e5f9b7a9ff0b9d3e232f7cfac43b5237e2681e11f005be627a49283a9 Module GUID: c1fbd624-27ea-40d1-aa48-94c3dc5c7e0d",
  "id": "GHSA-jjpm-q6jh-v8gj",
  "modified": "2025-05-28T21:30:26Z",
  "published": "2022-09-21T00:00:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40246"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ami.com/security-center"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.binarly.io/advisories/BRLY-2022-014"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJPV-JRVP-JWR3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-07-10 03:30
VLAI
Details

Dell Edge Gateway BIOS, versions 3200 and 5200, contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. A local authenticated malicious user with high privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to exposure of some code in System Management Mode, leading to arbitrary code execution or escalation of privilege.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-10T03:15:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell Edge Gateway BIOS, versions 3200 and 5200, contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. A local authenticated malicious user with high privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to exposure of some code in System Management Mode, leading to arbitrary code execution or escalation of privilege.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjpv-jrvp-jwr3",
  "modified": "2024-07-10T03:30:36Z",
  "published": "2024-07-10T03:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/000214917/dsa-2023-225-security-update-for-dell-bios-edge-gateway-5200-and-edge-gateway-3200"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJQ4-78FG-7J7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:01
VLAI
Details

Insufficient length checks in the ShapeShift KeepKey hardware wallet firmware before 7.1.0 allow a stack buffer overflow via crafted messages. The overflow in ethereum_extractThorchainSwapData() in ethereum.c can circumvent stack protections and lead to code execution. The vulnerable interface is reachable remotely over WebUSB.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31616"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-120",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient length checks in the ShapeShift KeepKey hardware wallet firmware before 7.1.0 allow a stack buffer overflow via crafted messages. The overflow in ethereum_extractThorchainSwapData() in ethereum.c can circumvent stack protections and lead to code execution. The vulnerable interface is reachable remotely over WebUSB.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjq4-78fg-7j7h",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:01:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:01:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/keepkey/keepkey-firmware/commit/e49d45594002d4d3fbc1f03488e6dfc0a0a65836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.inhq.net/posts/keepkey-CVE-2021-31616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/keepkey/keepkey-firmware/releases/tag/v7.1.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://shapeshift.com/library/keepkey-important-update-issued-april-4-required"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJQ7-34R5-GQWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 00:31 – Updated: 2023-12-08 18:30
VLAI
Details

In multiple functions of btm_ble_gap.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-04T23:15:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In multiple functions of btm_ble_gap.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjq7-34r5-gqwm",
  "modified": "2023-12-08T18:30:41Z",
  "published": "2023-12-05T00:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/7b30443dac7bb9138275c909549110191bcbcae9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJQJ-XQ2V-C8JX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-31 15:30 – Updated: 2024-01-31 15:30
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Resource Hacker, developed by Angus Johnson, affecting version 3.6.0.92. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a long filename argument.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-1112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-31T14:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Resource Hacker, developed by Angus Johnson, affecting version 3.6.0.92. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a long filename argument.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjqj-xq2v-c8jx",
  "modified": "2024-01-31T15:30:20Z",
  "published": "2024-01-31T15:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/buffer-overflow-vulnerability-resource-hacker"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJR5-FPCG-GC53

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-03 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.6, Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.4, and Ivanti ZTA Gateways before version 22.8R2.2 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-22457"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-03T16:15:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.6, Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.4, and Ivanti ZTA Gateways before version 22.8R2.2 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjr5-fpcg-gc53",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:16Z",
  "published": "2025-04-03T18:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22457"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/April-Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Connect-Secure-Policy-Secure-ZTA-Gateways-CVE-2025-22457"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-22457"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJRF-JFRM-P64X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-02 15:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nvmet-tcp: add bounds checks in nvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec

nvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec() could walk past cmd->req.sg when a PDU length or offset exceeds sg_cnt and then use bogus sg->length/offset values, leading to _copy_to_iter() GPF/KASAN. Guard sg_idx, remaining entries, and sg->length/offset before building the bvec.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-13T14:16:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvmet-tcp: add bounds checks in nvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec\n\nnvmet_tcp_build_pdu_iovec() could walk past cmd-\u003ereq.sg when a PDU\nlength or offset exceeds sg_cnt and then use bogus sg-\u003elength/offset\nvalues, leading to _copy_to_iter() GPF/KASAN. Guard sg_idx, remaining\nentries, and sg-\u003elength/offset before building the bvec.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjrf-jfrm-p64x",
  "modified": "2026-06-02T15:31:53Z",
  "published": "2026-02-13T15:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/043b4307a99f902697349128fde93b2ddde4686c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b9981751be14b59b4473383c731c833738aebdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1385be357e8acd09b36e026567f3a9d5c61139de"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19672ae68d52ff75347ebe2420dde1b07adca09f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42afe8ed8ad2de9c19457156244ef3e1eca94b5d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52a0a98549344ca20ad81a4176d68d28e3c05a5c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab200d71553bdcf4de554a5985b05b2dd606bc57"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dca1a6ba0da9f472ef040525fab10fd9956db59f"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JJRF-VMMW-4PWH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-20 00:00
VLAI
Details

IrfanView 4.54 allows a user-mode write access violation starting at FORMATS!GetPlugInInfo+0x0000000000007d33.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-23553"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IrfanView 4.54 allows a user-mode write access violation starting at FORMATS!GetPlugInInfo+0x0000000000007d33.",
  "id": "GHSA-jjrf-vmmw-4pwh",
  "modified": "2022-09-20T00:00:28Z",
  "published": "2022-09-17T00:00:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23553"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nhiephon/Research"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.irfanview.com/plugins.htm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.