CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16870 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HRQG-VHP2-G4M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-08 15:33 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:33IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-08T14:16:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-hrqg-vhp2-g4m3",
"modified": "2026-10-08T15:33:00Z",
"published": "2026-10-08T15:33:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7289775"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRQH-MQJ9-QM2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-29 00:01An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.2. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.2. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-hrqh-mqj9-qm2w",
"modified": "2022-03-29T00:01:34Z",
"published": "2022-03-19T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213054"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRRJ-J479-X3F9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-09 15:32 – Updated: 2024-10-09 15:32Substance3D - Stager versions 3.0.3 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-09T14:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Substance3D - Stager versions 3.0.3 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-hrrj-j479-x3f9",
"modified": "2024-10-09T15:32:18Z",
"published": "2024-10-09T15:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_stager/apsb24-81.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRVG-GX3J-WH53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-21 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:38Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-55f6-pf8r-c2f4. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the MOPAC file format, inside the Unit Cell Translation section
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openbabel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T16:38:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-21T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-55f6-pf8r-c2f4. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nMultiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the MOPAC file format, inside the Unit Cell Translation section",
"id": "GHSA-hrvg-gx3j-wh53",
"modified": "2026-07-06T16:38:09Z",
"published": "2023-07-21T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46292"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1666"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MOPAC translationVectors[] (UNIT CELL TRANSLATION)",
"withdrawn": "2026-07-06T16:38:09Z"
}
GHSA-HRVW-RFGX-8G4M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-09-19 18:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
erofs: fix out-of-bound access when z_erofs_gbuf_growsize() partially fails
If z_erofs_gbuf_growsize() partially fails on a global buffer due to memory allocation failure or fault injection (as reported by syzbot [1]), new pages need to be freed by comparing to the existing pages to avoid memory leaks.
However, the old gbuf->pages[] array may not be large enough, which can lead to null-ptr-deref or out-of-bound access.
Fix this by checking against gbuf->nrpages in advance.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/000000000000f7b96e062018c6e3@google.com
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-13T06:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nerofs: fix out-of-bound access when z_erofs_gbuf_growsize() partially fails\n\nIf z_erofs_gbuf_growsize() partially fails on a global buffer due to\nmemory allocation failure or fault injection (as reported by syzbot [1]),\nnew pages need to be freed by comparing to the existing pages to avoid\nmemory leaks.\n\nHowever, the old gbuf-\u003epages[] array may not be large enough, which can\nlead to null-ptr-deref or out-of-bound access.\n\nFix this by checking against gbuf-\u003enrpages in advance.\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/000000000000f7b96e062018c6e3@google.com",
"id": "GHSA-hrvw-rfgx-8g4m",
"modified": "2024-09-19T18:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-09-13T06:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0005e01e1e875c5e27130c5e2ed0189749d1e08a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49c0e081998008cde0c872c0ff9affa1ece4b878"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRW4-FGR2-8HR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:14A stack overflow in the UpdateWanParams function of H3C Magic B1STV100R012 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34933"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack overflow in the UpdateWanParams function of H3C Magic B1STV100R012 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-hrw4-fgr2-8hr5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:14:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-28T15:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34933"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h4kuy4/vuln/blob/main/H3C_B1STW/CVE-2023-34933.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRXG-27X5-39H2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 15:30A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web interface Radio Scheduling functionality of Tp-Link AC1350 Wireless MU-MIMO Gigabit Access Point (EAP225 V3) v5.1.0 Build 20220926. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability refers specifically to the overflow that occurs via the action parameter at offset 0x0045ab38 of the httpd_portal binary shipped with v5.1.0 Build 20220926 of the EAP225.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T15:15:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web interface Radio Scheduling functionality of Tp-Link AC1350 Wireless MU-MIMO Gigabit Access Point (EAP225 V3) v5.1.0 Build 20220926. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to remote code execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability refers specifically to the overflow that occurs via the `action` parameter at offset `0x0045ab38` of the `httpd_portal` binary shipped with v5.1.0 Build 20220926 of the EAP225.",
"id": "GHSA-hrxg-27x5-39h2",
"modified": "2024-04-09T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1888"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HV3W-WGCX-8GGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-10 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in visionOS 1.2, macOS Sonoma 14.5, iOS 17.5 and iPadOS 17.5. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27836"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-10T21:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in visionOS 1.2, macOS Sonoma 14.5, iOS 17.5 and iPadOS 17.5. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-hv3w-wgcx-8ggg",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:46Z",
"published": "2024-06-10T21:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jun/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HV3X-FR88-GCJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-18 12:31An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in some of the Ethernet switches because of improper validation of the username field length during Web login processing. This may allow a remote attacker to submit a specially crafted overly long input, triggering a buffer overflow that can cause the authentication process to crash and result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-18T10:17:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in some of the Ethernet switches because of improper validation of the username field length during Web login processing. This may allow a remote attacker to submit a specially crafted overly long input, triggering a buffer overflow that can cause the authentication process to crash and result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.",
"id": "GHSA-hv3x-fr88-gcjp",
"modified": "2026-09-18T12:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-09-18T12:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-252620-cve-2026-15579-out-of-bounds-write-vulnerability-in-ethernet-switch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HV56-R7MF-WR6Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:19Improper handling of the full-buffer case in the Zephyr Bluetooth implementation can result in memory corruption. This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.2.0 and later versions, and version 1.14.0 and later versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper handling of the full-buffer case in the Zephyr Bluetooth implementation can result in memory corruption. This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.2.0 and later versions, and version 1.14.0 and later versions.",
"id": "GHSA-hv56-r7mf-wr6q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:19:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/pull/23091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/pull/23516"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/pull/23517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/pull/23547"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/security/vulnerabilities.html#cve-2020-10061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zephyrprojectsec.atlassian.net/browse/ZEPSEC-75"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.