CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16870 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HM79-2WXC-W993
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-11 18:31A stack overflow in the function cp_dynamic() (/vendor/cute_png.h) of hicolor v0.5.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PNG file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41443"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T19:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack overflow in the function cp_dynamic() (/vendor/cute_png.h) of hicolor v0.5.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PNG file.",
"id": "GHSA-hm79-2wxc-w993",
"modified": "2024-09-11T18:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603/poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603/poc/sample16.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603/vulDescription.assets/image-20240530223831738.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603/vulDescription.assets/image-20240530223921086.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Helson-S/FuzzyTesting/blob/master/hicolor/stkof-w133-cp_dynamic-cute_png-603/vulDescription.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HM79-G62W-6VG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16A possible stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Widevine trustlet prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25469"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A possible stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Widevine trustlet prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-hm79-g62w-6vg8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2021\u0026month=10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HM7G-C3P8-8XWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 00:03 – Updated: 2022-03-26 00:01GNOME gdk-pixbuf 2.42.6 is vulnerable to a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability when decoding the lzw compressed stream of image data in GIF files with lzw minimum code size equals to 12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44648"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-12T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GNOME gdk-pixbuf 2.42.6 is vulnerable to a heap-buffer overflow vulnerability when decoding the lzw compressed stream of image data in GIF files with lzw minimum code size equals to 12.",
"id": "GHSA-hm7g-c3p8-8xwf",
"modified": "2022-03-26T00:01:08Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T00:03:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gdk-pixbuf/-/issues/136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JEVTOGIJITK2N5AOOLKKMDIICZDQE6CH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PEKBMOO52RXONWKB6ZKKHTVPLF6WC3KF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sahildhar.github.io/blogpost/GdkPixbuf-Heap-Buffer-Overflow-in-lzw_decoder_new"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5228"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMGR-X2J2-PXWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix slab out of bounds write in smb_inherit_dacl()
slab out-of-bounds write is caused by that offsets is bigger than pntsd allocation size. This patch add the check to validate 3 offsets using allocation size.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T16:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nksmbd: fix slab out of bounds write in smb_inherit_dacl()\n\nslab out-of-bounds write is caused by that offsets is bigger than pntsd\nallocation size. This patch add the check to validate 3 offsets using\nallocation size.",
"id": "GHSA-hmgr-x2j2-pxwh",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:45Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/09d9d8b40a3338193619c14ed4dc040f4f119e70"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/712e01f32e577e7e48ab0adb5fe550646a3d93cb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8387c94d73ec66eb597c7a23a8d9eadf64bfbafa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aaf0a07d60887d6c36fc46a24de0083744f07819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eebff19acaa35820cb09ce2ccb3d21bee2156ffb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMHJ-C7JR-38RC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00In camera isp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07085540; Issue ID: ALPS07085540.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26427"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In camera isp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07085540; Issue ID: ALPS07085540.",
"id": "GHSA-hmhj-c7jr-38rc",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-08-02T00:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2022"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMMC-9Q6P-VGG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. The option parser allows an attacker to write past the end of a heap-allocated buffer by calling certain commands with a large number of specific short forms of options. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20225"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-03T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. The option parser allows an attacker to write past the end of a heap-allocated buffer by calling certain commands with a large number of specific short forms of options. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-hmmc-9q6p-vgg6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1924696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZWZ36QK4IKU6MWDWNOOWKPH3WXZBHT2R"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220325-0001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMP4-85JJ-33VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30Jensen of Scandinavia Eagle 1200AC V15.03.06.33_en was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey_5g parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jensen of Scandinavia Eagle 1200AC V15.03.06.33_en was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepkey_5g parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.",
"id": "GHSA-hmp4-85jj-33vv",
"modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oxnan.com/posts/WifiBasic_wepkey_5g_DoS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://eagle.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jensen.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMQ6-2XJ3-79W5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-13 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-23 18:30It may be possible to have an extremely long aggregation pipeline in conjunction with a specific stage/operator and cause a stack overflow due to the size of the stack frames used by that stage. If an attacker could cause such an aggregation to occur, they could maliciously crash MongoDB in a DoS attack. This vulnerability affects MongoDB versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.4.11, 4.2.16.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "It may be possible to have an extremely long aggregation pipeline in conjunction with a specific stage/operator and cause a stack overflow due to the size of the stack frames used by that stage. If an attacker could cause such an aggregation to occur, they could maliciously crash MongoDB in a DoS attack. This vulnerability affects MongoDB versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.4.11, 4.2.16.",
"id": "GHSA-hmq6-2xj3-79w5",
"modified": "2024-02-23T18:30:58Z",
"published": "2022-04-13T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-58203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-59299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-60218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220609-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMQW-W898-XWX8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-20 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:46D-LINK DWL-6610 FW_v_4.3.0.8B003C was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability in the function update_users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-20T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-LINK DWL-6610 FW_v_4.3.0.8B003C was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability in the function update_users.",
"id": "GHSA-hmqw-w898-xwx8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:46:07Z",
"published": "2023-09-20T15:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Archerber/bug_submit/blob/main/D-Link/DWL-6610/bug1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMRP-QQM4-QJF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 18:33 – Updated: 2024-08-26 21:30Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.stb.mode parameter in the function setIptvInfo.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.stb.mode parameter in the function setIptvInfo.",
"id": "GHSA-hmrp-qqm4-qjf7",
"modified": "2024-08-26T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-08-26T18:33:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://detailed-stetson-767.notion.site/Tenda-AX1806-Buffer-Overflow-in-setIptvInfo-5aee8fa8b7754d319ee35027d3628f2e?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.