Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5624 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-52806 (GCVE-0-2026-52806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 20:21 – Updated: 2026-06-26 03:55
VLAI
Title
Gogs: RCE via git rebase --exec argument injection in pull request merge
Summary
Gogs is an open source self-hosted Git service. Prior to 0.14.3, Gogs allows authenticated users to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server by creating a pull request with a specially crafted branch name that injects the --exec flag into the git rebase command during the "Rebase before merging" merge operation. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.14.3.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gogs gogs Affected: < 0.14.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-50523 (GCVE-0-2026-50523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 21:05 – Updated: 2026-08-31 20:06
VLAI
Title
Microsoft PowerShell Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Microsoft PowerShell allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft PowerShell 7.4 Affected: 7.4.0 , < 7.4.19.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft PowerShell 7.5 Affected: 7.5.0 , < 7.5.10.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft PowerShell 7.6 Affected: 7.6.0 , < 7.6.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-11 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-50520 (GCVE-0-2026-50520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:05 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:25
VLAI
Title
Visual Studio Code Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Visual Studio Code Affected: 1.0.0 , < 1.128.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:visual_studio_code:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-50488 (GCVE-0-2026-50488)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:07 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:27
VLAI
Title
Clipboard User Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows Clipboard User Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 03:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8875 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8875 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49199 (GCVE-0-2026-49199)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 08:38 – Updated: 2026-05-29 10:55
VLAI
Title
Predator Connect W6x: RCE via MQTT
Summary
Crafted MQTT messages can trigger command injection, resulting in root-level code execution on the target device.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 10:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Acer Predator Connect W6x Affected: W6x_GBL_2.00.000005 , ≤ * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
rethesis
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49196 (GCVE-0-2026-49196)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 08:15 – Updated: 2026-05-29 11:37
VLAI
Title
Predator Connect W6x: Web Interface Command Injection
Summary
The Wi-Fi device blocking feature fails to sanitize MAC address input, allowing injection and execution of arbitrary shell commands.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 11:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Acer Predator Connect W6x Affected: W6x_GBL_2.00.000005 , ≤ * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
rethesis
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49179 (GCVE-0-2026-49179)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-31 20:04
VLAI
Title
Windows Active Directory Domain Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows Active Directory allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9418 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9121 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7663 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7663 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7517 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7517 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.9168 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.9168 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2704 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26280 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26280 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23338 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23338 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9418 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9418 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9121 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9121 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5499 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33296 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33296 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-11 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48561 (GCVE-0-2026-48561)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:04 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:24
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Edge Copilot Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Copilot Chat (Microsoft Edge) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 03:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48116 (GCVE-0-2026-48116)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 21:19 – Updated: 2026-05-30 02:22
VLAI
Title
AnythingLLM: RCE via ripgrep --pre argument injection in filesystem-search-files agent skill
Summary
AnythingLLM is an application that turns pieces of content into context that any LLM can use as references during chatting. Prior to 1.13.0, the filesystem-search-files agent skill passes its LLM-controlled pattern parameter to ripgrep as a positional argument without a -- end-of-options separator. ripgrep parses any argument that starts with - as an option, so a pattern of --pre=/bin/sh turns ripgrep into a script executor: it runs /bin/sh <file> for every file it walks. An attacker who can chat with an agent on a deployment with the filesystem plugin enabled (the default in the official Docker image) can use this, together with the sibling filesystem-write-text-file skill, to run arbitrary commands inside the AnythingLLM server container. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.13.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-30 02:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mintplex-Labs anything-llm Affected: < 1.13.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-47708 (GCVE-0-2026-47708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 20:55 – Updated: 2026-07-22 15:10
VLAI
Title
MCP-for-Stata: Command injection via log_file_name parameter in Stata command wrapper
Summary
MCP-for-Stata is an MCP server for Stata to integrate Stata into an agent. Prior to version 1.17.3, the `log_file_name` parameter in the `stata_do` API and CLI is directly interpolated into a Stata command string without sanitization. The security guard (`GuardValidator`) only scans the do-file content but does not validate this parameter. An attacker can inject arbitrary Stata commands (including `shell`, `python`, `erase`, etc.) by crafting a malicious `log_file_name` containing quotes, newlines, or Stata command separators. Version 1.17.3 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 15:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SepineTam stata-mcp Affected: < 1.17.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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            "url": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/security/advisories/GHSA-4p62-hqp5-g644"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "stata-mcp",
          "vendor": "SepineTam",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.17.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "MCP-for-Stata is an MCP server for Stata to integrate Stata into an agent. Prior to version 1.17.3, the `log_file_name` parameter in the `stata_do` API and CLI is directly interpolated into a Stata command string without sanitization. The security guard (`GuardValidator`) only scans the do-file content but does not validate this parameter. An attacker can inject arbitrary Stata commands (including `shell`, `python`, `erase`, etc.) by crafting a malicious `log_file_name` containing quotes, newlines, or Stata command separators. Version 1.17.3 contains a patch for the issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-77",
              "description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-21T20:55:15.048Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/security/advisories/GHSA-4p62-hqp5-g644",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/security/advisories/GHSA-4p62-hqp5-g644"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/issues/74",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/issues/74"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/commit/e6f945941ae0c7cf5e74a428e0b3dc82b396382f",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SepineTam/mcp-for-stata/commit/e6f945941ae0c7cf5e74a428e0b3dc82b396382f"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-4p62-hqp5-g644",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "MCP-for-Stata: Command injection via log_file_name parameter in Stata command wrapper"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-47708",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-21T20:55:15.048Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-19T21:29:25.481Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-22T15:10:36.426Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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