CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5384 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RH3J-HCJP-QQ5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-03 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:30** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability was found in Vivotek CC8160 VVTK-0100d. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function getenv of the file upload_file.cgi. The manipulation of the argument QUERY_STRING leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier VDB-273525 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the affected release tree is end-of-life.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-03T17:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability was found in Vivotek CC8160 VVTK-0100d. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function getenv of the file upload_file.cgi. The manipulation of the argument QUERY_STRING leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The identifier VDB-273525 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the affected release tree is end-of-life.",
"id": "GHSA-rh3j-hcjp-qq5x",
"modified": "2024-08-03T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-08-03T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.273525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.273525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.383839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://yjz233.notion.site/0213043a8c7e498a9e73a0b6f0fa9f29?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RH69-7G6G-53PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 09:31 – Updated: 2025-05-06 09:31A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-890L and DIR-806A1 up to 100CNb11/108B03. Affected is the function sub_175C8 of the file /htdocs/soap.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4340"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T08:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-890L and DIR-806A1 up to 100CNb11/108B03. Affected is the function sub_175C8 of the file /htdocs/soap.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-rh69-7g6g-53pr",
"modified": "2025-05-06T09:31:32Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T09:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/tt/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.307458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.307458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.556092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHGR-952R-6P8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-08 14:20In Apache Maven maven-shared-utils prior to version 3.3.3, the Commandline class can emit double-quoted strings without proper escaping, allowing shell injection attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.maven.shared:maven-shared-utils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29599"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-25T22:39:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-23T11:16:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Apache Maven maven-shared-utils prior to version 3.3.3, the Commandline class can emit double-quoted strings without proper escaping, allowing shell injection attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-rhgr-952r-6p8q",
"modified": "2022-09-08T14:20:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T00:01:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29599"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/maven-shared-utils/pull/40"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/maven-shared-utils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MSHARED-297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/08/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/23/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command injection in Apache Maven maven-shared-utils"
}
GHSA-RHH2-57H6-GV96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-22 18:32A Command Injection vulnerability in Vilo 5 Mesh WiFi System <= 5.16.1.33 allows remote, authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code by injecting shell commands into the name of the Vilo device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T21:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Command Injection vulnerability in Vilo 5 Mesh WiFi System \u003c= 5.16.1.33 allows remote, authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code by injecting shell commands into the name of the Vilo device.",
"id": "GHSA-rhh2-57h6-gv96",
"modified": "2024-10-22T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2024-10-21T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/byu-cybersecurity-research/vilo/blob/main/vulns/CVE-2024-40089.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://vilo.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHPH-MCQR-9P2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 06:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 06:31ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter Ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the web-based user interface. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-25568.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T04:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter Ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ALGO 8180 IP Audio Alerter devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the web-based user interface. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-25568.",
"id": "GHSA-rhph-mcqr-9p2p",
"modified": "2026-01-23T06:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-01-23T06:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-26-001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHRP-724Q-R9W5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-08 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31NETGEAR R6200_V2 firmware versions through R6200v2-V1.0.3.12_10.1.11 and R6300_V2 firmware versions through R6300v2-V1.0.4.52_10.0.93 allow remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary command via shell metacharacters in the ipv6_fix.cgi ipv6_wan_ipaddr, ipv6_lan_ipaddr, ipv6_wan_length, or ipv6_lan_length parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30078"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-07T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NETGEAR R6200_V2 firmware versions through R6200v2-V1.0.3.12_10.1.11 and R6300_V2 firmware versions through R6300v2-V1.0.4.52_10.0.93 allow remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary command via shell metacharacters in the ipv6_fix.cgi ipv6_wan_ipaddr, ipv6_lan_ipaddr, ipv6_wan_length, or ipv6_lan_length parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-rhrp-724q-r9w5",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-09-08T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/10TG/vulnerabilities/blob/main/Netgear/CVE-2022-30078/CVE-2022-30078.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/about/security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://r6200v2.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHV9-GVQ2-F88V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-24 06:31 – Updated: 2025-02-24 06:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in FiberHome AN5506-01A ONU GPON RP2511. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Diagnosis. The manipulation of the argument Destination Address leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-24T04:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in FiberHome AN5506-01A ONU GPON RP2511. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Diagnosis. The manipulation of the argument Destination Address leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-rhv9-gvq2-f88v",
"modified": "2025-02-24T06:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-02-24T06:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.296606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.296606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.501483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHWP-9VM9-547Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-07 16:06 – Updated: 2022-07-05 17:40This affects all versions up to and including version 0.0.2 of package onion-oled-js. If attacker-controlled user input is given to the scroll function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "onion-oled-js"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-06T22:33:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-18T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions up to and including version 0.0.2 of package onion-oled-js. If attacker-controlled user input is given to the scroll function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization.",
"id": "GHSA-rhwp-9vm9-547q",
"modified": "2022-07-05T17:40:12Z",
"published": "2021-05-07T16:06:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23377"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/naddeoa/onion-oled-js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/naddeoa/onion-oled-js/blob/8a523645d2cc29130f98de661b742893773d760d/src/oled-exp.js#23L91"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-ONIONOLEDJS-1078808"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in onion-oled-js"
}
GHSA-RHWX-HJX2-X4QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-10 00:00 – Updated: 2023-01-26 22:41The package pdfkit is vulnerable to Command Injection where the URL is not properly sanitized.
Note: This issue was patched in 0.8.7.2, but the patch was discovered to be ineffective. The updated patch version is 0.8.7.2.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "pdfkit"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.7.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25765"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-15T03:30:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-09T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The package pdfkit is vulnerable to Command Injection where the URL is not properly sanitized.\n\nNote: This issue was patched in 0.8.7.2, but the patch was discovered to be ineffective. The updated patch version is 0.8.7.2.",
"id": "GHSA-rhwx-hjx2-x4qr",
"modified": "2023-01-26T22:41:07Z",
"published": "2022-09-10T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25765"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/issues/517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/pull/519"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/blob/46cdf53ec540da1a1a2e4da979e3e5fe2f92a257/lib/pdfkit/pdfkit.rb#L55-L58"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/blob/46cdf53ec540da1a1a2e4da979e3e5fe2f92a257/lib/pdfkit/pdfkit.rb%23L55-L58"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/blob/master/lib/pdfkit/source.rb%23L44-L50"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfkit/pdfkit/releases/tag/v0.8.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/pdfkit/CVE-2022-25765.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C36GAV3TKM3JXV6UVMLMTTDRCPKSNETQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ESWB6SX7HYWQ54UGBGQOZ7G24O6RAOKD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JFB2BFKH5SUGRKXMY6PWRQNGKZML7GDT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-RUBY-PDFKIT-2869795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171746/pdfkit-0.8.7.2-Command-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PDFKit vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-RJ3H-7PRW-4QQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 00:30 – Updated: 2025-02-12 18:31webservice in Atos Unify OpenScape 4000 Platform and OpenScape 4000 Manager Platform 10 R1 before 10 R1.34.4 allows an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary commands on the platform operating system and achieve administrative access, aka OSFOURK-23710.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-06T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "webservice in Atos Unify OpenScape 4000 Platform and OpenScape 4000 Manager Platform 10 R1 before 10 R1.34.4 allows an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary commands on the platform operating system and achieve administrative access, aka OSFOURK-23710.",
"id": "GHSA-rj3h-7prw-4qqr",
"modified": "2025-02-12T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T00:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://networks.unify.com/security/advisories/OBSO-2303-01.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.news.de/technik/856806612/unify-openscape-4000-gefaehrdet-it-sicherheitswarnung-vom-bsi-und-bug-report-betroffene-systeme-und-produkte-neue-versionen-und-updates/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.