CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QW3H-745Q-H3P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-28 09:34 – Updated: 2026-04-28 09:34A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setVpnAccountCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T08:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setVpnAccountCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-qw3h-745q-h3p2",
"modified": "2026-04-28T09:34:13Z",
"published": "2026-04-28T09:34:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_324/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/802845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359847/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW5F-QPQ5-PPFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:27A vulnerability was found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. Impacted is the function get_mime_type of the file metagpt/utils/common.py. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "metagpt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5973"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T20:27:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T20:16:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. Impacted is the function get_mime_type of the file metagpt/utils/common.py. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.",
"id": "GHSA-qw5f-qpq5-ppfg",
"modified": "2026-04-10T20:27:58Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T21:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/pull/1983"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/791755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356527/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FoundationAgents MetaGPT vulnerable to OS Command Injection in metagpt/utils/common.py"
}
GHSA-QW5Q-CHR6-CV59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A flaw has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. The affected element is the function cgi_myfavorite_add/cgi_myfavorite_set/cgi_myfavorite_del/cgi_myfavorite_set_sort_info/cgi_myfavorite_remove_apkg/cgi_myfavorite_compare_apkg/cgi_mycloud_auto_downlaod of the file /cgi-bin/gui_mgr.cgi. This manipulation of the argument f_user causes command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. The affected element is the function cgi_myfavorite_add/cgi_myfavorite_set/cgi_myfavorite_del/cgi_myfavorite_set_sort_info/cgi_myfavorite_remove_apkg/cgi_myfavorite_compare_apkg/cgi_mycloud_auto_downlaod of the file /cgi-bin/gui_mgr.cgi. This manipulation of the argument f_user causes command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-qw5q-chr6-cv59",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_130/130.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW79-44J4-PG72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-22 00:01An issue was discovered in ThoughtWorks GoCD before 21.3.0. An attacker with privileges to create a new pipeline on a GoCD server can abuse a command-line injection in the Git URL "Test Connection" feature to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43286"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ThoughtWorks GoCD before 21.3.0. An attacker with privileges to create a new pipeline on a GoCD server can abuse a command-line injection in the Git URL \"Test Connection\" feature to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-qw79-44j4-pg72",
"modified": "2022-04-22T00:01:02Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gocd/gocd/commit/2b77b533abcbb79c8fc758dec9984305dc1ade42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gocd/gocd/commit/6fa9fb7a7c91e760f1adc2593acdd50f2d78676b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.sonarsource.com/gocd-vulnerability-chain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gocd.org/releases/#21-3-0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW96-3VM7-2XQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-02 18:30A command injection remote code execution vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-37089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-02T14:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection remote code execution vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.",
"id": "GHSA-qw96-3vm7-2xqg",
"modified": "2025-07-02T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-06-02T15:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbst04847en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW9J-5QJ4-H383
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00A remote arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): Prior to 6.10.0, 6.9.6 and 6.8.9. Aruba has released updates to ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-08T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): Prior to 6.10.0, 6.9.6 and 6.8.9. Aruba has released updates to ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-qw9j-5qj4-h383",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:07:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-012.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWFC-WQJQ-9H4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 15:30 – Updated: 2023-12-09 06:30Tenda AX12 V22.03.01.46 has been discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the 'mac' parameter at /goform/SetOnlineDevName.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49428"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AX12 V22.03.01.46 has been discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the \u0027mac\u0027 parameter at /goform/SetOnlineDevName.",
"id": "GHSA-qwfc-wqjq-9h4p",
"modified": "2023-12-09T06:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ef4tless/vuln/blob/master/iot/AX12/SetOnlineDevName.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWFH-CC4F-3FCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the hostName parameter in the function setOpModeCfg.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the hostName parameter in the function setOpModeCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-qwfh-cc4f-3fcm",
"modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-08-26T00:03:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Darry-lang1/vuln/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3700R/5/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWM8-3VW5-6956
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-27 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-04 06:35Command injection vulnerability in nw_interface.html in SHARP multifunction printers (MFPs)'s Digital Full-color Multifunctional System 202 or earlier, 120 or earlier, 600 or earlier, 121 or earlier, 500 or earlier, 402 or earlier, 790 or earlier, and Digital Multifunctional System (Monochrome) 200 or earlier, 211 or earlier, 102 or earlier, 453 or earlier, 400 or earlier, 202 or earlier, 602 or earlier, 500 or earlier, 401 or earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45796"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerability in nw_interface.html in SHARP multifunction printers (MFPs)\u0027s Digital Full-color Multifunctional System 202 or earlier, 120 or earlier, 600 or earlier, 121 or earlier, 500 or earlier, 402 or earlier, 790 or earlier, and Digital Multifunctional System (Monochrome) 200 or earlier, 211 or earlier, 102 or earlier, 453 or earlier, 400 or earlier, 202 or earlier, 602 or earlier, 500 or earlier, 401 or earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-qwm8-3vw5-6956",
"modified": "2024-07-04T06:35:00Z",
"published": "2022-12-27T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45796"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://global.sharp/products/copier/info/info_security_2022-11.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU96195138/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zuso.ai/advisory/ZA-2022-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWPQ-8R8M-W7J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-08 21:32HTML injection vulnerability in lemeconsultoria HCM galera.app v.4.58.0 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the .galera.app/ted/solicitacao_treinamento/, .galera.app/rh/metas/perspectiva_estrategica/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/cadastros/perspectivas/listagem/adc/, .galera.app/escolaridade/listagem/, .galera.app/estados_civis/cadastro/, .galera.app/nivel_hierarquico/listagem/, .galera.app/nivel_decisorio/cadastro/, .galera.app/escolaridade/cadastro/, .galera.app/nivel_decisorio/listagem/, .galera.app/rh/cadastros/perspectivas/listagem/, .galera.app/empresas_grupo/cadastro/, .galera.app/empresas/edicao/, .galera.app/liais/listagem/, .galera.app/noticias/listagem/, .galera.app/gerenciamento-de-ciclo/abertura/cadastrar, .galera.app/colaborador/cadastro/cursos/adc/edicao/, .galera.app/colaborador/cadastro/adc/, .galera.app/cads_aux/escalact/, .galera.app/ncf/tec/cadastro/ct/ .galera.app/rh/metas/painel/, .galera.app/rh/metas/equipe/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/tipo_recursos/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/familia_recursos/cadastro/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/fornecedores/edicao/, and .galera.app/rh/pdi/recursos/cadastro/ components.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T14:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "HTML injection vulnerability in lemeconsultoria HCM galera.app v.4.58.0 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the .galera.app/ted/solicitacao_treinamento/, .galera.app/rh/metas/perspectiva_estrategica/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/cadastros/perspectivas/listagem/adc/, .galera.app/escolaridade/listagem/, .galera.app/estados_civis/cadastro/, .galera.app/nivel_hierarquico/listagem/, .galera.app/nivel_decisorio/cadastro/, .galera.app/escolaridade/cadastro/, .galera.app/nivel_decisorio/listagem/, .galera.app/rh/cadastros/perspectivas/listagem/, .galera.app/empresas_grupo/cadastro/, .galera.app/empresas/edicao/, .galera.app/liais/listagem/, .galera.app/noticias/listagem/, .galera.app/gerenciamento-de-ciclo/abertura/cadastrar, .galera.app/colaborador/cadastro/cursos/adc/edicao/, .galera.app/colaborador/cadastro/adc/, .galera.app/cads_aux/escalact/, .galera.app/ncf/tec/cadastro/ct/ .galera.app/rh/metas/painel/, .galera.app/rh/metas/equipe/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/tipo_recursos/edicao/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/familia_recursos/cadastro/, .galera.app/rh/pdi/fornecedores/edicao/, and .galera.app/rh/pdi/recursos/cadastro/ components.",
"id": "GHSA-qwpq-8r8m-w7j2",
"modified": "2025-05-08T21:32:55Z",
"published": "2025-05-07T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wellington-almeida.medium.com/poc-html-injection-0f27e657c962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://worzyus.medium.com/0f27e657c962"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.