CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QQ8F-9MH8-5973
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-03-20 15:32A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P up to 20240305. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /EXCU_SHELL. The manipulation of the argument Command1 leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257281 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-19T22:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P up to 20240305. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /EXCU_SHELL. The manipulation of the argument Command1 leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257281 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qq8f-9mh8-5973",
"modified": "2024-03-20T15:32:24Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T15:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h0e4a0r1t.github.io/2024/vulns/Ruijie%20RG-NBS2009G-P%20switch%20has%20a%20foreground%20CLI%20command%20injection%20vulnerability.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQHV-2H68-RX7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the function UploadFirmwareFile.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the function UploadFirmwareFile.",
"id": "GHSA-qqhv-2h68-rx7f",
"modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-08-26T00:03:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Darry-lang1/vuln/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3700R/4/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQPG-XXJC-9JH9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:30A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T16:16:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation.\u00a0\u00a0Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-qqpg-xxjc-9jh9",
"modified": "2026-05-13T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2026-05-13T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000160975"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQR3-6P45-F2XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-29 15:30A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software and Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20934"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software and Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-qqr3-6p45-f2xm",
"modified": "2022-11-29T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ftd-fxos-cmd-inj-Q9bLNsrK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ftd-fxos-cmd-inj-Q9bLNsrK"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR28-P3WR-MXQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-29 19:10ngrok v4.3.3 and 5.0.0-beta.2 are vulnerable to Command Injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ngrok"
},
"versions": [
"4.3.3"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ngrok"
},
"versions": [
"5.0.0-beta.2"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T19:10:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-18T16:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ngrok v4.3.3 and 5.0.0-beta.2 are vulnerable to Command Injection.",
"id": "GHSA-qr28-p3wr-mxq3",
"modified": "2026-05-29T19:10:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-18T18:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Dremig/90c2a0a2f85b0921f10e0bb3192a0c23"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bubenshchykov/ngrok"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ngrok is Vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-QR32-J4J6-3M7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-05-29 20:23 – Updated: 2026-01-23 22:50Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wp3j-gv53-4pg8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Affected versions of fs-git do not sanitize strings passed into the buildCommand method, resulting in arbitrary code execution.
Recommendation
Update to version 1.0.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "fs-git"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-05-29T20:22:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wp3j-gv53-4pg8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nAffected versions of `fs-git` do not sanitize strings passed into the `buildCommand` method, resulting in arbitrary code execution.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.0.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-qr32-j4j6-3m7r",
"modified": "2026-01-23T22:50:14Z",
"published": "2019-05-29T20:23:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vvakame/fs-git/commit/eb5f70efa5cfbff1ab299fa7daaa5de549243998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vvakame/fs-git/commit/eb5f70efa5cfbff1ab299fa7daaa5de549243998#diff-13b5b151431c7e7a17f273559ed212d5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/360"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Command Injection in fs-git",
"withdrawn": "2026-01-23T22:50:14Z"
}
GHSA-QR5W-HHFH-GP9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:34VMware Horizon View Client (2.x, 3.x and 4.x prior to 4.5.0) contains a command injection vulnerability in the service startup script. Successful exploitation of this issue may allow unprivileged users to escalate their privileges to root on the Mac OSX system where the client is installed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-4918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-08T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VMware Horizon View Client (2.x, 3.x and 4.x prior to 4.5.0) contains a command injection vulnerability in the service startup script. Successful exploitation of this issue may allow unprivileged users to escalate their privileges to root on the Mac OSX system where the client is installed.",
"id": "GHSA-qr5w-hhfh-gp9g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:34:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:34:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-4918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2017-0011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038642"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR6X-PGQ2-JJXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-10 21:30 – Updated: 2024-12-10 21:30Command injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.3 and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.2 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution. (Not applicable to 9.1Rx)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11634"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-10T19:15:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.3 and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.2 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution. (Not applicable to 9.1Rx)",
"id": "GHSA-qr6x-pgq2-jjxh",
"modified": "2024-12-10T21:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-12-10T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/December-2024-Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Connect-Secure-ICS-and-Ivanti-Policy-Secure-IPS-Multiple-CVEs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QRG7-HFX7-95C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-25 19:40 – Updated: 2023-02-08 22:37Impact
A command injection vulnerability was discovered in Wrangler's Git package affecting versions up to and including v1.0.0.
Wrangler's Git package uses the underlying Git binary present in the host OS or container image to execute Git operations. Specially crafted commands can be passed to Wrangler that will change their behavior and cause confusion when executed through Git, resulting in command injection in the underlying host.
Workarounds
A workaround is to sanitize input passed to the Git package to remove potential unsafe and ambiguous characters. Otherwise, the best course of action is to update to a patched Wrangler version.
Patches
Patched versions include v1.0.1 and later and the backported tags - v0.7.4-security1, v0.8.5-security1 and v0.8.11.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Reach out to SUSE Rancher Security team for security related inquiries.
- Open an issue in Rancher or Wrangler repository.
- Verify our support matrix and product support lifecycle.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/wrangler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.4-security1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/wrangler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.5-security1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/wrangler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"1.0.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/wrangler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.8.6"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-25T19:40:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-07T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA command injection vulnerability was discovered in Wrangler\u0027s Git package affecting versions up to and including `v1.0.0`.\n\nWrangler\u0027s Git package uses the underlying Git binary present in the host OS or container image to execute Git operations. Specially crafted commands can be passed to Wrangler that will change their behavior and cause confusion when executed through Git, resulting in command injection in the underlying host.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nA workaround is to sanitize input passed to the Git package to remove potential unsafe and ambiguous characters. Otherwise, the best course of action is to update to a patched Wrangler version.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched versions include `v1.0.1` and later and the backported tags - `v0.7.4-security1`, `v0.8.5-security1` and `v0.8.11`.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Reach out to [SUSE Rancher Security team](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/policy) for security related inquiries.\n* Open an issue in [Rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/new/choose) or [Wrangler](https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/issues/new) repository.\n* Verify our [support matrix](https://www.suse.com/suse-rancher/support-matrix/all-supported-versions/) and [product support lifecycle](https://www.suse.com/lifecycle/).",
"id": "GHSA-qrg7-hfx7-95c5",
"modified": "2023-02-08T22:37:02Z",
"published": "2023-01-25T19:40:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/security/advisories/GHSA-qrg7-hfx7-95c5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/commit/12397eec50155cb2d24aa70bdf9e90c5f3b9a727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/commit/341018c8fef3e12867c7cb2649bd2cecac75f287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/commit/5a387e13e8d51e3340d9e5012a1951f0cca5fc90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/commit/8649ecc062204f28764fd80157a621cbae89c9cf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1200299"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qrg7-hfx7-95c5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/compare/v0.7.2...v0.7.4-security1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/wrangler/compare/v0.8.4...v0.8.5-security1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-1519"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command injection in Git package in Wrangler"
}
GHSA-QRV5-8V43-RRGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Realtek Jungle SDK version v2.x up to v3.4.14B provides an HTTP web server exposing a management interface that can be used to configure the access point. Two versions of this management interface exists: one based on Go-Ahead named webs and another based on Boa named boa. Both of them are affected by these vulnerabilities. Specifically, these binaries are vulnerable to the following issues: - stack buffer overflow in formRebootCheck due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWsc due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWlanMultipleAP due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWlSiteSurvey due to unsafe copy of ifname parameter - stack buffer overflow in formStaticDHCP due to unsafe copy of hostname parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWsc due to unsafe copy of 'peerPin' parameter - arbitrary command execution in formSysCmd via the sysCmd parameter - arbitrary command injection in formWsc via the 'peerPin' parameter Exploitability of identified issues will differ based on what the end vendor/manufacturer did with the Realtek SDK webserver. Some vendors use it as-is, others add their own authentication implementation, some kept all the features from the server, some remove some of them, some inserted their own set of features. However, given that Realtek SDK implementation is full of insecure calls and that developers tends to re-use those examples in their custom code, any binary based on Realtek SDK webserver will probably contains its own set of issues on top of the Realtek ones (if kept). Successful exploitation of these issues allows remote attackers to gain arbitrary code execution on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-16T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Realtek Jungle SDK version v2.x up to v3.4.14B provides an HTTP web server exposing a management interface that can be used to configure the access point. Two versions of this management interface exists: one based on Go-Ahead named webs and another based on Boa named boa. Both of them are affected by these vulnerabilities. Specifically, these binaries are vulnerable to the following issues: - stack buffer overflow in formRebootCheck due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWsc due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWlanMultipleAP due to unsafe copy of submit-url parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWlSiteSurvey due to unsafe copy of ifname parameter - stack buffer overflow in formStaticDHCP due to unsafe copy of hostname parameter - stack buffer overflow in formWsc due to unsafe copy of \u0027peerPin\u0027 parameter - arbitrary command execution in formSysCmd via the sysCmd parameter - arbitrary command injection in formWsc via the \u0027peerPin\u0027 parameter Exploitability of identified issues will differ based on what the end vendor/manufacturer did with the Realtek SDK webserver. Some vendors use it as-is, others add their own authentication implementation, some kept all the features from the server, some remove some of them, some inserted their own set of features. However, given that Realtek SDK implementation is full of insecure calls and that developers tends to re-use those examples in their custom code, any binary based on Realtek SDK webserver will probably contains its own set of issues on top of the Realtek ones (if kept). Successful exploitation of these issues allows remote attackers to gain arbitrary code execution on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-qrv5-8v43-rrgf",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-35395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.iot-inspector.com/blog/advisory-multiple-issues-realtek-sdk-iot-supply-chain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com/en/cu-1-en/cu-1-taiwan-en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com/images/safe-report/Realtek_APRouter_SDK_Advisory-CVE-2021-35392_35395.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.