CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5397 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q445-FPWX-QV82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2025-06-05 00:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected is the function setipsec_config of the file /goform/setipsec_config. The manipulation of the argument localIP/remoteIP leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T00:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected is the function setipsec_config of the file /goform/setipsec_config. The manipulation of the argument localIP/remoteIP leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-q445-fpwx-qv82",
"modified": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link5/vuln_48/48.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.589220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q46M-9R94-RHRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-16 06:30 – Updated: 2025-06-16 06:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. This affects an unknown part of the file /billing/pms_check.php. The manipulation of the argument ipaddress leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-16T04:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. This affects an unknown part of the file /billing/pms_check.php. The manipulation of the argument ipaddress leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-q46m-9r94-rhrw",
"modified": "2025-06-16T06:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-06-16T06:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h0e4a0r1t/h0e4a0r1t.github.io/blob/master/2025/1/Command%20Injection%20Vulnerability%20in%20Wifi-soft%20UniBox%20controller-billing-pms_check.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.312573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.312573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.590747"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4MQ-MJM9-5J2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:49An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1100 and DCS-1130 devices. The device runs a custom daemon on UDP port 5978 which is called "dldps2121" and listens for broadcast packets sent on 255.255.255.255. This daemon handles custom D-Link UDP based protocol that allows D-Link mobile applications and desktop applications to discover D-Link devices on the local network. The binary processes the received UDP packets sent from any device in "main" function. One path in the function traverses towards a block of code that handles commands to be executed on the device. The custom protocol created by D-Link follows the following pattern: Packetlen, Type of packet; M=MAC address of device or broadcast; D=Device Type;C=base64 encoded command string;test=1111. If a packet is received with the packet type being "S" or 0x53 then the string passed in the "C" parameter is base64 decoded and then executed by passing into a System API. We can see at address 0x00009B44 that the string received in packet type subtracts 0x31 or "1" from the packet type and is compared against 0x22 or "double quotes". If that is the case, then the packet is sent towards the block of code that executes a command. Then the value stored in "C" parameter is extracted at address 0x0000A1B0. Finally, the string received is base 64 decoded and passed on to the system API at address 0x0000A2A8 as shown below. The same form of communication can be initiated by any process including an attacker process on the mobile phone or the desktop and this allows a third-party application on the device to execute commands on the device without any authentication by sending just 1 UDP packet with custom base64 encoding.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8413"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1100 and DCS-1130 devices. The device runs a custom daemon on UDP port 5978 which is called \"dldps2121\" and listens for broadcast packets sent on 255.255.255.255. This daemon handles custom D-Link UDP based protocol that allows D-Link mobile applications and desktop applications to discover D-Link devices on the local network. The binary processes the received UDP packets sent from any device in \"main\" function. One path in the function traverses towards a block of code that handles commands to be executed on the device. The custom protocol created by D-Link follows the following pattern: Packetlen, Type of packet; M=MAC address of device or broadcast; D=Device Type;C=base64 encoded command string;test=1111. If a packet is received with the packet type being \"S\" or 0x53 then the string passed in the \"C\" parameter is base64 decoded and then executed by passing into a System API. We can see at address 0x00009B44 that the string received in packet type subtracts 0x31 or \"1\" from the packet type and is compared against 0x22 or \"double quotes\". If that is the case, then the packet is sent towards the block of code that executes a command. Then the value stored in \"C\" parameter is extracted at address 0x0000A1B0. Finally, the string received is base 64 decoded and passed on to the system API at address 0x0000A2A8 as shown below. The same form of communication can be initiated by any process including an attacker process on the mobile phone or the desktop and this allows a third-party application on the device to execute commands on the device without any authentication by sending just 1 UDP packet with custom base64 encoding.",
"id": "GHSA-q4mq-mjm9-5j2x",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:49:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Dlink_DCS_1130_security.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153226/Dlink-DCS-1130-Command-Injection-CSRF-Stack-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-Q4P4-47VP-J2H2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-23 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-23 12:30A vulnerability has been found in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform up to 7.17.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Easy7/apps/WebService/ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-23T12:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform up to 7.17.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Easy7/apps/WebService/ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-q4p4-47vp-j2h2",
"modified": "2026-03-23T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-23T12:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.feishu.cn/docx/WkHjd3oajoIw5exHk9ecUHaFnKd?from=from_copylink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.352422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.775457"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4VH-M55V-H7J5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:25 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:25picocom before 2.0 has a command injection vulnerability in the 'send and receive file' command because the command line is executed by /bin/sh unsafely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-9059"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-28T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "picocom before 2.0 has a command injection vulnerability in the \u0027send and receive file\u0027 command because the command line is executed by /bin/sh unsafely.",
"id": "GHSA-q4vh-m55v-h7j5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:25:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:25:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/npat-efault/picocom/commit/1ebc60b20fbe9a02436d5cbbf8951714e749ddb1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/06/msg00030.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4WV-9QJH-5MHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:33 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:58The validateAdminConfig handler in the Analytics Management Console in HPE Vertica 7.0.x before 7.0.2.12, 7.1.x before 7.1.2-12, and 7.2.x before 7.2.2-1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the mcPort parameter, aka ZDI-CAN-3417.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-04-20T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The validateAdminConfig handler in the Analytics Management Console in HPE Vertica 7.0.x before 7.0.2.12, 7.1.x before 7.1.2-12, and 7.2.x before 7.2.2-1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the mcPort parameter, aka ZDI-CAN-3417.",
"id": "GHSA-q4wv-9qjh-5mhq",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:58:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:33:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05085303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-16-244"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q4XR-RC97-M4XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-06 22:22 – Updated: 2024-09-06 16:27This affects the package celery before 5.2.2. It by default trusts the messages and metadata stored in backends (result stores). When reading task metadata from the backend, the data is deserialized. Given that an attacker can gain access to, or somehow manipulate the metadata within a celery backend, they could trigger a stored command injection vulnerability and potentially gain further access to the system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "celery"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-06T19:17:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-29T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This affects the package celery before 5.2.2. It by default trusts the messages and metadata stored in backends (result stores). When reading task metadata from the backend, the data is deserialized. Given that an attacker can gain access to, or somehow manipulate the metadata within a celery backend, they could trigger a stored command injection vulnerability and potentially gain further access to the system.",
"id": "GHSA-q4xr-rc97-m4xx",
"modified": "2024-09-06T16:27:25Z",
"published": "2022-01-06T22:22:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/celery/celery/commit/1f7ad7e6df1e02039b6ab9eec617d283598cad6b"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q4xr-rc97-m4xx"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/celery/celery"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/celery/celery/blob/master/Changelog.rst%23522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/celery/PYSEC-2021-858.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYXRGHWHD2WWMHBWCVD5ULVINPKNY3P5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-CELERY-2314953"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OS Command Injection in celery"
}
GHSA-Q533-3FW5-RQXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 03:30 – Updated: 2022-11-23 21:30Unauthenticated remote code execution in OPTILINK OP-XT71000N, Hardware Version: V2.2 occurs when the attacker passes arbitrary commands with IP-ADDRESS using " | " to execute commands on " /diag_tracert_admin.asp " in the "PingTest" parameter that leads to command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated remote code execution in OPTILINK OP-XT71000N, Hardware Version: V2.2 occurs when the attacker passes arbitrary commands with IP-ADDRESS using \" | \" to execute commands on \" /diag_tracert_admin.asp \" in the \"PingTest\" parameter that leads to command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-q533-3fw5-rqxj",
"modified": "2022-11-23T21:30:32Z",
"published": "2022-11-23T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/huzaifahussain98/CVE-2020-23584"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q53J-P6R2-G2V4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:06 – Updated: 2024-10-22 14:42In SaltStack Salt before 2019.2.3, the salt-api NET API with the ssh client enabled is vulnerable to command injection. This allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the API endpoint to execute arbitrary code on the salt-api host.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2019.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T22:25:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-17T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In SaltStack Salt before 2019.2.3, the salt-api NET API with the ssh client enabled is vulnerable to command injection. This allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the API endpoint to execute arbitrary code on the salt-api host.",
"id": "GHSA-q53j-p6r2-g2v4",
"modified": "2024-10-22T14:42:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:06:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/releases/2019.2.3.html#security-fix"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2020-177.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4459-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SaltStack Salt is vulnerable to command injection"
}
GHSA-Q5CH-6WHV-V4GP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 00:31 – Updated: 2025-03-27 15:30Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26296"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-27T22:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-q5ch-6whv-v4gp",
"modified": "2025-03-27T15:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-02-28T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2024-001.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.