CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5387 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P576-J8JP-6QR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-06 12:31 – Updated: 2023-01-12 18:30A vulnerability was found in trampgeek jobe up to 1.6.x and classified as critical. This issue affects the function run_in_sandbox of the file application/libraries/LanguageTask.php. The manipulation leads to command injection. Upgrading to version 1.7.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 8f43daf50c943b98eaf0c542da901a4a16e85b02. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-217553 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-06T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in trampgeek jobe up to 1.6.x and classified as critical. This issue affects the function run_in_sandbox of the file application/libraries/LanguageTask.php. The manipulation leads to command injection. Upgrading to version 1.7.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 8f43daf50c943b98eaf0c542da901a4a16e85b02. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-217553 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-p576-j8jp-6qr7",
"modified": "2023-01-12T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-01-06T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/trampgeek/jobe/issues/39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/trampgeek/jobe/commit/8f43daf50c943b98eaf0c542da901a4a16e85b02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/trampgeek/jobe/releases/tag/v1.7.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217553"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P59W-CX85-6VCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-11 00:02Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.24, CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, EAX20 before 1.0.0.58, EAX80 before 1.0.1.68, EX7500 before 1.0.0.74, LAX20 before 1.1.6.28, MK62 before 1.0.6.116, MR60 before 1.0.6.116, MS60 before 1.0.6.116, R6400 before 1.0.1.70, R6400v2 before 1.0.4.118, R6700v3 before 1.0.4.118, R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000 before 1.0.11.116, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7850 before 1.0.5.68, R7900 before 1.0.4.38, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000 before 1.0.4.68, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX15 before 1.0.3.96, RAX20 before 1.0.3.96, RAX200 before 1.0.4.120, RAX35v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX40v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX43 before 1.0.3.96, RAX45 before 1.0.3.96, RAX50 before 1.0.3.96, RAX75 before 1.0.4.120, RAX80 before 1.0.4.120, RBK752 before 3.2.17.12, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR750 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, RBS750 before 3.2.17.12, RBS850 before 3.2.17.12, RS400 before 1.5.1.80, XR1000 before 1.0.0.58, and XR300 before 1.0.3.68.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45622"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR40 before 2.5.0.24, CBR750 before 4.6.3.6, EAX20 before 1.0.0.58, EAX80 before 1.0.1.68, EX7500 before 1.0.0.74, LAX20 before 1.1.6.28, MK62 before 1.0.6.116, MR60 before 1.0.6.116, MS60 before 1.0.6.116, R6400 before 1.0.1.70, R6400v2 before 1.0.4.118, R6700v3 before 1.0.4.118, R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000 before 1.0.11.116, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7850 before 1.0.5.68, R7900 before 1.0.4.38, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000 before 1.0.4.68, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX15 before 1.0.3.96, RAX20 before 1.0.3.96, RAX200 before 1.0.4.120, RAX35v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX40v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX43 before 1.0.3.96, RAX45 before 1.0.3.96, RAX50 before 1.0.3.96, RAX75 before 1.0.4.120, RAX80 before 1.0.4.120, RBK752 before 3.2.17.12, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR750 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, RBS750 before 3.2.17.12, RBS850 before 3.2.17.12, RS400 before 1.5.1.80, XR1000 before 1.0.0.58, and XR300 before 1.0.3.68.",
"id": "GHSA-p59w-cx85-6vcv",
"modified": "2022-01-11T00:02:00Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064509/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Routers-Extender-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0506"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P5FG-P22W-8PFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-24 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-24 21:31NVIDIA Cumulus Linux and NVOS products contain a vulnerability in the NVUE interface, where a low-privileged user could inject a command. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-33181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-24T20:27:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Cumulus Linux and NVOS products contain a vulnerability in the NVUE interface, where a low-privileged user could inject a command. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to escalation of privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-p5fg-p22w-8pfg",
"modified": "2026-02-24T21:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-02-24T21:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-33181"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P5PH-WW5G-2HXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-24 00:00An issue in adm.cgi of WAVLINK AERIAL X 1200M M79X3.V5030.180719 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-14T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in adm.cgi of WAVLINK AERIAL X 1200M M79X3.V5030.180719 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-p5ph-ww5g-2hxc",
"modified": "2022-06-24T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-06-15T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pghuanghui/CVE_Request/blob/main/AERIAL%20X%201200_Command%20Execution%20Vulnerability.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P623-GG4Q-6FV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Impacted is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. Such manipulation of the argument lang leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T15:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Impacted is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. Such manipulation of the argument lang leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-p623-gg4q-6fv7",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_333/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365349/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P64X-JMJH-HHR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-30 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-30 09:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DI-7300G+ 19.12.25A1. Affected is an unknown function of the file wget_test.asp. The manipulation of the argument url leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-30T07:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DI-7300G+ 19.12.25A1. Affected is an unknown function of the file wget_test.asp. The manipulation of the argument url leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-p64x-jmjh-hhr6",
"modified": "2025-06-30T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-06-30T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/2664521593/mycve/blob/main/D-Link_DI/CJ_IN_DLink_1_en.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.314388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.604441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P675-68XC-C9PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-08 00:00Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR750 before 3.2.18.2, LAX20 before 1.1.6.28, MK62 before 1.0.6.116, MR60 before 1.0.6.116, MS60 before 1.0.6.116, R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000 before 1.0.11.126, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7850 before 1.0.5.68, R7900 before 1.0.4.46, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000 before 1.0.4.68, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX15 before 1.0.3.96, RAX20 before 1.0.3.96, RAX200 before 1.0.4.120, RAX35v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX40v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX43 before 1.0.3.96, RAX45 before 1.0.3.96, RAX50 before 1.0.3.96, RAX75 before 1.0.4.120, RAX80 before 1.0.4.120, RBK752 before 3.2.17.12, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR750 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, RBS750 before 3.2.17.12, RBS850 before 3.2.17.12, RS400 before 1.5.1.80, and XR1000 before 1.0.0.58.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects CBR750 before 3.2.18.2, LAX20 before 1.1.6.28, MK62 before 1.0.6.116, MR60 before 1.0.6.116, MS60 before 1.0.6.116, R6900P before 1.3.3.140, R7000 before 1.0.11.126, R7000P before 1.3.3.140, R7850 before 1.0.5.68, R7900 before 1.0.4.46, R7900P before 1.4.2.84, R7960P before 1.4.2.84, R8000 before 1.0.4.68, R8000P before 1.4.2.84, RAX15 before 1.0.3.96, RAX20 before 1.0.3.96, RAX200 before 1.0.4.120, RAX35v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX40v2 before 1.0.3.96, RAX43 before 1.0.3.96, RAX45 before 1.0.3.96, RAX50 before 1.0.3.96, RAX75 before 1.0.4.120, RAX80 before 1.0.4.120, RBK752 before 3.2.17.12, RBK852 before 3.2.17.12, RBR750 before 3.2.17.12, RBR850 before 3.2.17.12, RBS750 before 3.2.17.12, RBS850 before 3.2.17.12, RS400 before 1.5.1.80, and XR1000 before 1.0.0.58.",
"id": "GHSA-p675-68xc-c9pr",
"modified": "2022-01-08T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064527/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Routers-and-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0576"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P67F-WM66-PW4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:42A setup script for fabric interconnect devices in Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via invalid parameters, aka Bug ID CSCtg20790.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-09-25T10:31:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A setup script for fabric interconnect devices in Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via invalid parameters, aka Bug ID CSCtg20790.",
"id": "GHSA-p67f-wm66-pw4x",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:42:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:42:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/87368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2012-4086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P688-G48X-VG8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-21 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30TOTOLINK X18 v9.1.0cu.2024_B20220329 has an unauthorized arbitrary command execution in the enable parameter' of the sub_41105C function of cstecgi .cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29209"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T15:15:58Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X18 v9.1.0cu.2024_B20220329 has an unauthorized arbitrary command execution in the enable parameter\u0027 of the sub_41105C function of cstecgi .cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-p688-g48x-vg8h",
"modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:51Z",
"published": "2025-04-21T15:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LZY0522/CVE/blob/main/X18-sub_41105c.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P69R-FGPG-5GM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the command parameter in the function setTracerouteCfg.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the command parameter in the function setTracerouteCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-p69r-fgpg-5gm3",
"modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-08-26T00:03:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Darry-lang1/vuln/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3700R/2/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.