CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P296-V2HG-WFQW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:51There is a command injection vulnerability in the adslr VW2100 router with firmware version M1DV1.0. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerability to execute system commands as the root user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is a command injection vulnerability in the adslr VW2100 router with firmware version M1DV1.0. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerability to execute system commands as the root user.",
"id": "GHSA-p296-v2hg-wfqw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:51:26Z",
"published": "2023-06-14T21:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/adslr/CVE-2023-31746/1/VW2100_RCE1.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/adslr/CVE-2023-31746/2/VW2100_RCE2.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/adslr/CVE-2023-31746/3/VW2100_RCE3.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/adslr/CVE-2023-31746/4/VW2100_RCE4.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P29G-9W74-GC5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-18 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-18 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK X6000R 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. This issue affects the function setSyslogCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument rtLogServer leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-18T16:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK X6000R 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. This issue affects the function setSyslogCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument rtLogServer leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-p29g-9w74-gc5m",
"modified": "2024-08-18T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-08-18T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BeaCox/IoT_vuln/tree/main/totolink/x6000R/setSyslogCfg_injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.388424"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2CH-MJ9P-73PG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the login.cgi set_sys_init() functionality of Wavlink AC3000 M33A8.V5030.210505. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an unauthenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities.A command injection vulnerability exists within the restart_hour_value POST parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T15:15:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the login.cgi set_sys_init() functionality of Wavlink AC3000 M33A8.V5030.210505. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can make an unauthenticated HTTP request to trigger these vulnerabilities.A command injection vulnerability exists within the `restart_hour_value` POST parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-p2ch-mj9p-73pg",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:15Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T15:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2018"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2CR-39JQ-4VW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-25 03:30Command injection vulnerabilities in the underlying CLI service could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba's Access Point management protocol) UDP port (8211). Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T01:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerabilities in the underlying CLI service could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba\u0027s Access Point management protocol) UDP port (8211). Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-p2cr-39jq-4vw3",
"modified": "2024-09-25T03:30:36Z",
"published": "2024-09-25T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04712en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2FG-WQ3R-R2MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:58An issue was discovered on Vera VeraEdge 1.7.19 and Veralite 1.7.481 devices. The device provides a web user interface that allows a user to manage the device. As a part of the functionality the device firmware file contains a file known as proxy.sh which allows the device to proxy a specific request to and from from another website. This is primarily used as a method of communication between the device and Vera website when the user is logged in to the https://home.getvera.com and allows the device to communicate between the device and website. One of the parameters retrieved by this specific script is "url". This parameter is not sanitized by the script correctly and is passed in a call to "eval" to execute "curl" functionality. This allows an attacker to escape from the executed command and then execute any commands of his/her choice.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-17T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Vera VeraEdge 1.7.19 and Veralite 1.7.481 devices. The device provides a web user interface that allows a user to manage the device. As a part of the functionality the device firmware file contains a file known as proxy.sh which allows the device to proxy a specific request to and from from another website. This is primarily used as a method of communication between the device and Vera website when the user is logged in to the https://home.getvera.com and allows the device to communicate between the device and website. One of the parameters retrieved by this specific script is \"url\". This parameter is not sanitized by the script correctly and is passed in a call to \"eval\" to execute \"curl\" functionality. This allows an attacker to escape from the executed command and then execute any commands of his/her choice.",
"id": "GHSA-p2fg-wq3r-r2mr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:58:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Vera_sec_issues.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153242/Veralite-Veraedge-Router-XSS-Command-Injection-CSRF-Traversal.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2GR-MQHH-C93J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:20 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:20The WordPress Flash Uploader plugin before 3.1.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via vectors related to invalid characters in image_magic_path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-25T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The WordPress Flash Uploader plugin before 3.1.3 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via vectors related to invalid characters in image_magic_path.",
"id": "GHSA-p2gr-mqhh-c93j",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:20:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:20:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wordpress-flash-uploader/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/support/topic/vulnerability-discovered-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2H2-3VG9-4P87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 17:39 – Updated: 2024-11-19 19:37Summary
A security vulnerability has been identified in GitHub CLI that could allow remote code execution (RCE) when users connect to a malicious Codespace SSH server and use the gh codespace ssh or gh codespace logs commands.
Details
The vulnerability stems from the way GitHub CLI handles SSH connection details when executing commands. When developers connect to remote Codespaces, they typically use a SSH server running within a devcontainer, often provided through the default devcontainer image. GitHub CLI retrieves SSH connection details, such as remote username, which is used in executing ssh commands for gh codespace ssh or gh codespace logs commands.
This exploit occurs when a malicious third-party devcontainer contains a modified SSH server that injects ssh arguments within the SSH connection details. gh codespace ssh and gh codespace logs commands could execute arbitrary code on the user's workstation if the remote username contains something like -oProxyCommand="echo hacked" #. The -oProxyCommand flag causes ssh to execute the provided command while # shell comment causes any other ssh arguments to be ignored.
In 2.62.0, the remote username information is being validated before being used.
Impact
Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution on the user's workstation, potentially compromising the user's data and system.
Remediation and Mitigation
- Upgrade
ghto2.62.0 - Exercise caution when using custom devcontainer images, prefer default or pre-built devcontainers from trusted sources.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.61.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cli/cli/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.62.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cli/cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.62.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52308"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-14T17:39:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T23:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA security vulnerability has been identified in GitHub CLI that could allow remote code execution (RCE) when users connect to a malicious Codespace SSH server and use the `gh codespace ssh` or `gh codespace logs` commands.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability stems from the way GitHub CLI handles SSH connection details when executing commands. When developers connect to remote Codespaces, they typically use a SSH server running within a devcontainer, often provided through the [default devcontainer image](https://docs.github.com/en/codespaces/setting-up-your-project-for-codespaces/adding-a-dev-container-configuration/introduction-to-dev-containers#using-the-default-dev-container-configuration). GitHub CLI [retrieves SSH connection details](https://github.com/cli/cli/blob/30066b0042d0c5928d959e288144300cb28196c9/internal/codespaces/rpc/invoker.go#L230-L244), such as remote username, which is used in [executing `ssh` commands](https://github.com/cli/cli/blob/e356c69a6f0125cfaac782c35acf77314f18908d/pkg/cmd/codespace/ssh.go#L263) for `gh codespace ssh` or `gh codespace logs` commands.\n\nThis exploit occurs when a malicious third-party devcontainer contains a modified SSH server that injects `ssh` arguments within the SSH connection details. `gh codespace ssh` and `gh codespace logs` commands could execute arbitrary code on the user\u0027s workstation if the remote username contains something like `-oProxyCommand=\"echo hacked\" #`. The `-oProxyCommand` flag causes `ssh` to execute the provided command while `#` shell comment causes any other `ssh` arguments to be ignored.\n\nIn `2.62.0`, the remote username information is being validated before being used.\n\n### Impact\n\nSuccessful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution on the user\u0027s workstation, potentially compromising the user\u0027s data and system.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\n\n1. Upgrade `gh` to `2.62.0`\n2. Exercise caution when using custom devcontainer images, prefer default or pre-built devcontainers from trusted sources.",
"id": "GHSA-p2h2-3vg9-4p87",
"modified": "2024-11-19T19:37:12Z",
"published": "2024-11-14T17:39:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cli/cli/security/advisories/GHSA-p2h2-3vg9-4p87"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52308"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cli/cli"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3269"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Connecting to a malicious Codespaces via GH CLI could allow command execution on the user\u0027s computer"
}
GHSA-P2J9-HH6H-8MXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-13 15:32EnerSys AMPA versions 24.04 through 24.16, inclusive, are vulnerable to command injection leading to privileged remote shell access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12442"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-09T14:15:36Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "EnerSys AMPA versions 24.04 through 24.16, inclusive, are vulnerable to command injection leading to privileged remote shell access.",
"id": "GHSA-p2j9-hh6h-8mxx",
"modified": "2025-05-13T15:32:15Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T15:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mandiant/Vulnerability-Disclosures/blob/master/2025/MNDT-2025-0002.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.enersys.com/4996df/globalassets/documents/corporate/cve/enersys_cve-2024-12442-final.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2QM-477R-PCGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-30 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 04:11A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DI-7300G+ 19.12.25A1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file in proxy_client.asp. The manipulation of the argument proxy_srv/proxy_lanport/proxy_lanip/proxy_srvport leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-30T08:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DI-7300G+ 19.12.25A1. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file in\u00a0proxy_client.asp. The manipulation of the argument proxy_srv/proxy_lanport/proxy_lanip/proxy_srvport leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-p2qm-477r-pcgw",
"modified": "2026-04-29T04:11:05Z",
"published": "2025-06-30T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/2664521593/mycve/blob/main/D-Link_DI/CJ_IN_DLink_3_en.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.314390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.604443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P2WP-RR75-F23G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:27 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:27The Management Interface in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway 10.1 before 10.1.132.8, 10.5 before Build 56.15, and 10.5.e before Build 56.1505.e allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters in the filter parameter to rapi/ipsec_logs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-07-16T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Management Interface in Citrix NetScaler Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and NetScaler Gateway 10.1 before 10.1.132.8, 10.5 before Build 56.15, and 10.5.e before Build 56.1505.e allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters in the filter parameter to rapi/ipsec_logs.",
"id": "GHSA-p2wp-rr75-f23g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:27:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:27:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/Citrix-Netscaler-Final.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX201149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032762"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.