CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MRXM-9RWR-QW4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-25 03:30A specially crafted POST request to the ProGauge MAGLINK LX CONSOLE UTILITY sub-menu can allow a remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43693"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T01:15:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A specially crafted POST request to the ProGauge MAGLINK LX CONSOLE \nUTILITY sub-menu can allow a remote attacker to inject arbitrary \ncommands.",
"id": "GHSA-mrxm-9rwr-qw4f",
"modified": "2024-09-25T03:30:36Z",
"published": "2024-09-25T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-268-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRXV-PR4H-963Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-03 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-10 17:58A command injection vulnerability affects the package image-tiler before version 2.0.2.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "image-tiler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-10T17:58:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability affects the package image-tiler before version 2.0.2.",
"id": "GHSA-mrxv-pr4h-963q",
"modified": "2022-08-10T17:58:03Z",
"published": "2022-08-03T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MrP/image-tiler/commit/f4a0b13a4bf43655fc4013e04bbceaf77aecbeb8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MrP/image-tiler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-IMAGETILER-1051029"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "image-tiler susceptible to command injection"
}
GHSA-MV2W-4JQC-6FG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:00 – Updated: 2024-09-27 21:36The package libvcs before 0.11.1 are vulnerable to Command Injection via argument injection. When calling the update_repo function (when using hg), the url parameter is passed to the hg clone command. By injecting some hg options it was possible to get arbitrary command execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "libvcs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "vcspull"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-15T17:05:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The package libvcs before 0.11.1 are vulnerable to Command Injection via argument injection. When calling the update_repo function (when using hg), the url parameter is passed to the hg clone command. By injecting some hg options it was possible to get arbitrary command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-mv2w-4jqc-6fg4",
"modified": "2024-09-27T21:36:54Z",
"published": "2022-03-15T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vcs-python/libvcs/pull/306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vcs-python/vcspull/commit/e1b77128a1fa0754625b5f43d8bc47956f21f33e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/libvcs/PYSEC-2022-163.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vcs-python/libvcs/blob/master/CHANGES#libvcs-0111-2022-03-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vcs-python/libvcs/blob/v0.11.1/CHANGES%23libvcs-0111-2022-03-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vcs-python/vcspull/blob/master/CHANGES#vcspull-1111-2022-03-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-LIBVCS-2421204"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Command injection in libvcs and vcspull"
}
GHSA-MV4P-726J-2PC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-02 12:30 – Updated: 2025-06-02 12:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This affects the function NTP of the file /goform/NTP. The manipulation of the argument manual_year_select/manual_month_select/manual_day_select/manual_hour_select/manual_min_select/manual_sec_select leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-02T10:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This affects the function NTP of the file /goform/NTP. The manipulation of the argument manual_year_select/manual_month_select/manual_day_select/manual_hour_select/manual_min_select/manual_sec_select leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-mv4p-726j-2pc3",
"modified": "2025-06-02T12:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-06-02T12:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Linksys/vuln_3/3.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.584362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MV6C-595H-MPX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-11 00:02Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects GS108Tv2 before 5.4.2.36, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv2 before 5.4.2.36., GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects GS108Tv2 before 5.4.2.36, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv2 before 5.4.2.36., GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.",
"id": "GHSA-mv6c-595h-mpx4",
"modified": "2022-01-11T00:02:03Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064534/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Smart-Managed-Pro-Switches-PSV-2021-0175"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MVG4-RGRQ-F443
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-15 15:30A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100 16.07. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function upgrade_filter_asp of the file upgrade_filter.asp. The manipulation of the argument path leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7833"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100 16.07. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function upgrade_filter_asp of the file upgrade_filter.asp. The manipulation of the argument path leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-mvg4-rgrq-f443",
"modified": "2024-08-15T15:30:58Z",
"published": "2024-08-15T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aLtEr6/pdf/blob/main/3.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.274731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.274731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.385338"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVH8-J583-3MWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-08 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-14 21:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in kylin-system-updater up to 1.4.20kord. Affected is the function InstallSnap of the component Update Handler. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222600.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-08T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in kylin-system-updater up to 1.4.20kord. Affected is the function InstallSnap of the component Update Handler. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-222600.",
"id": "GHSA-mvh8-j583-3mwc",
"modified": "2023-03-14T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-03-08T21:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cn-lwj/vuldb/blob/master/kylin-system-updater_vuln.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.222600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.222600"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVJ8-8Q49-4X52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-08 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-09 21:31An issue was discovered in the AppConnector component version 10.10.0.183 and earlier of enaio 10.10, in the AppConnector component version 11.0.0.183 and earlier of enaio 11.0, and in the AppConnctor component version 11.10.0.183 and earlier of enaio 11.10. The vulnerability allows authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary SMTP commands via crafted input to the /osrest/api/organization/sendmail endpoint
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-56425"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-08T17:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the AppConnector component version 10.10.0.183 and earlier of enaio 10.10, in the AppConnector component version 11.0.0.183 and earlier of enaio 11.0, and in the AppConnctor component version 11.10.0.183 and earlier of enaio 11.10. The vulnerability allows authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary SMTP commands via crafted input to the /osrest/api/organization/sendmail endpoint",
"id": "GHSA-mvj8-8q49-4x52",
"modified": "2026-01-09T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-01-08T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-56425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mind-bytes.de/smtp-injection-in-enaio-component-appconnector-cve-2025-56425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.optimal-systems.de/enaio"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVMQ-2G5G-4CCC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37DrayTek Vigor2960 1.5.1 allows remote command execution via shell metacharacters in a toLogin2FA action to mainfunction.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-19664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-31T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DrayTek Vigor2960 1.5.1 allows remote command execution via shell metacharacters in a toLogin2FA action to mainfunction.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-mvmq-2g5g-4ccc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-19664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/minghangshen/bug_poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nosec.org/home/detail/4631.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.draytek.com/about/security-advisory/vigor3900-/-vigor2960-/-vigor300b-remote-code-injection/execution-vulnerability-(cve-2020-19664)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MVWH-2M72-5JM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32vBulletin 5.5.4 through 5.6.2 allows remote command execution via crafted subWidgets data in an ajax/render/widget_tabbedcontainer_tab_panel request. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2019-16759. ALSO NOTE: CVE-2020-7373 is a duplicate of CVE-2020-17496. CVE-2020-17496 is the preferred CVE ID to track this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7373"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-30T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "vBulletin 5.5.4 through 5.6.2 allows remote command execution via crafted subWidgets data in an ajax/render/widget_tabbedcontainer_tab_panel request. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2019-16759. ALSO NOTE: CVE-2020-7373 is a duplicate of CVE-2020-17496. CVE-2020-17496 is the preferred CVE ID to track this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-mvwh-2m72-5jm7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/13970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.exploitee.rs/2020/exploiting-vbulletin-a-tale-of-patch-fail"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.vbulletin.com/forum/vbulletin-announcements/vbulletin-announcements_aa/4445227-vbulletin-5-6-0-5-6-1-5-6-2-security-patch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Aug/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.