CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5384 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M96V-85PP-7PJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-07 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-07 00:00VINGA WR-N300U 77.102.1.4853 is affected by a command execution vulnerability in the goahead component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43469"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-06T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VINGA WR-N300U 77.102.1.4853 is affected by a command execution vulnerability in the goahead component.",
"id": "GHSA-m96v-85pp-7pjm",
"modified": "2021-12-07T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2021-12-07T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/badboycxcc/CVE"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M97F-W34X-VQ3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:31Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Microsoft Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:16:49Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Microsoft Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-m97f-w34x-vq3w",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:31:59Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-48561"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M988-F2XJ-5386
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-11 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:55A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions < V2.16.0). The install-app URL parameter in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated privileged remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T10:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0). The install-app URL parameter in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated privileged remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-m988-f2xj-5386",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:55:43Z",
"published": "2023-07-11T12:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-146325.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M995-M86G-R6R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:26An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the libzebra.so bridge_group functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the libzebra.so bridge_group functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-m995-m86g-r6r8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:26:42Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1698"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M9JJ-5QVJ-5FHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:21 – Updated: 2024-11-18 22:55The safe_eval function in trytond in Tryton before 2.4.15, 2.6.x before 2.6.14, 2.8.x before 2.8.11, 3.0.x before 3.0.7, and 3.2.x before 3.2.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in (1) the collection.domain in the webdav module or (2) the formula field in the price_list module.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tryton"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tryton"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tryton"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tryton"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "trytond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "trytond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "trytond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "trytond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "trytond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-29T11:11:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-12T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The `safe_eval` function in trytond in Tryton before 2.4.15, 2.6.x before 2.6.14, 2.8.x before 2.8.11, 3.0.x before 3.0.7, and 3.2.x before 3.2.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in (1) the `collection.domain` in the webdav module or (2) the formula field in the `price_list` module.",
"id": "GHSA-m9jj-5qvj-5fhx",
"modified": "2024-11-18T22:55:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:21:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tryton/trytond/commit/19fc2a01357b7638041953326e404f51d96fad06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tryton/trytond/commit/3e4c2b7e8c7b3358597a0d484fa98f45483ee92a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.tryton.org/issue4155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/trytond/PYSEC-2018-59.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tryton/trytond"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tryton.org/posts/security-release-for-issue4155.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Tryton vulnerable to arbitrary command execution"
}
GHSA-M9JJ-V5HF-F99H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-16 09:31 – Updated: 2025-07-16 09:31Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root, potentially leading to the loss of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and full control of the access point.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-16T07:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root, potentially leading to the loss of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and full control of the access point.",
"id": "GHSA-m9jj-v5hf-f99h",
"modified": "2025-07-16T09:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-07-16T09:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jro.sg/CVEs/CVE-2025-52690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.al-enterprise.com/-/media/assets/internet/documents/sa-n0150-omniaccess-stellar-multiple-vulnerabilities.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-072"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M9WC-3H85-PP63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-25 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:30A command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR-823X 240126 and 240802 allows an authorized attacker to execute arbitrary commands on remote devices by sending a POST request to /goform/set_prohibiting via the corresponding function, triggering remote command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-25T14:15:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR-823X 240126 and 240802 allows an authorized attacker to execute arbitrary commands on remote devices by sending a POST request to /goform/set_prohibiting via the corresponding function, triggering remote command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m9wc-3h85-pp63",
"modified": "2026-04-24T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-03-25T15:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mono7s/Dir-823x/blob/main/set_prohibiting/set_prohibiting.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/2026/apr/cve-2025-29635-mirai-campaign-targets-d-link-devices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-29635"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC36-5M36-HJH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:58 – Updated: 2021-08-18 20:21An issue was discovered in the slock crate through 2020-11-17 for Rust. Slock unconditionally implements Send and Sync.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "slock"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-18T20:21:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the slock crate through 2020-11-17 for Rust. Slock\u003cT\u003e unconditionally implements Send and Sync.",
"id": "GHSA-mc36-5m36-hjh5",
"modified": "2021-08-18T20:21:54Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T20:58:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs/commit/719df35f55b6cab4ca2a7f840347a06ecbd8aac6"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/BrokenLamp/slock-rs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustsec/advisory-db/main/crates/slock/RUSTSEC-2020-0135.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0135.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Data races in slock"
}
GHSA-MC5R-MWQC-W2V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-03 21:31Improper neutralization of special elements in the authentication components in Amazon Athena ODBC driver before 2.1.0.0 might allow a threat actor to execute arbitrary code or redirect authentication flows by using specially crafted connection parameters that are processed by the driver during user-initiated authentication.
To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.1.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T21:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements in the authentication components in Amazon Athena ODBC driver before 2.1.0.0 might allow a threat actor to execute arbitrary code or redirect authentication flows by using specially crafted connection parameters that are processed by the driver during user-initiated authentication.\n\nTo remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.1.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-mc5r-mwqc-w2v3",
"modified": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-013-aws"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/odbc-v2-driver-release-notes.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.athena.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/drivers/ODBC/v2.1.0.0/Linux/AmazonAthenaODBC-2.1.0.0.rpm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.athena.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/drivers/ODBC/v2.1.0.0/Mac/Intel/AmazonAthenaODBC-2.1.0.0_x86.pkg"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.athena.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/drivers/ODBC/v2.1.0.0/Mac/arm/AmazonAthenaODBC-2.1.0.0_arm.pkg"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.athena.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/drivers/ODBC/v2.1.0.0/Windows/AmazonAthenaODBC-2.1.0.0.msi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MCFP-6XCX-H478
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-mcfp-6xcx-h478",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:23Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064101/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0087"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.