Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-J8CG-GPGG-PXF5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-01 00:01
VLAI
Details

A Command injection vulnerability exists in Tenda AC10U AC1200 Smart Dual-band Wireless Router AC10U V1.0 Firmware V15.03.06.49_multi via the setUsbUnload functionality. The vulnerability is caused because the client controlled "deviceName" value is passed directly to the "doSystemCmd" function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45401"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-18T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A Command injection vulnerability exists in Tenda AC10U AC1200 Smart Dual-band Wireless Router AC10U V1.0 Firmware V15.03.06.49_multi via the setUsbUnload functionality. The vulnerability is caused because the client controlled \"deviceName\" value is passed directly to the \"doSystemCmd\" function.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8cg-gpgg-pxf5",
  "modified": "2022-03-01T00:01:02Z",
  "published": "2022-02-19T00:01:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45401"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Quadron-Research-Lab/Hardware-IoT/blob/main/Tenda_AC10U_command_injection_RCE.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-J8HH-R9GJ-RH24

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-20 00:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was determined in neurobin shc up to 4.0.3. This vulnerability affects the function make of the file src/shc.c of the component Filename Handler. Executing manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9174"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T23:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was determined in neurobin shc up to 4.0.3. This vulnerability affects the function make of the file src/shc.c of the component Filename Handler. Executing manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8hh-r9gj-rh24",
  "modified": "2025-08-20T00:31:20Z",
  "published": "2025-08-20T00:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://magnificent-dill-351.notion.site/Command-Execution-in-shc-4-0-3-249c693918ed8040abe3e636c7f18c96"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.320555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.630742"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J8M8-3G3W-76WQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-19 21:30
VLAI
Details

An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Content Explorer feature of LogicData eCommerce Framework v5.0.9.7000 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52337"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T20:15:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Content Explorer feature of LogicData eCommerce Framework v5.0.9.7000 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8m8-3g3w-76wq",
  "modified": "2025-08-19T21:30:37Z",
  "published": "2025-08-19T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22947"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52337"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/434.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/TrustStackSecurity/Advisories/blob/main/CVE-2025-52337/README.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J8QR-3593-H6Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setTracerouteCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. This manipulation of the argument command causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9385"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T14:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setTracerouteCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. This manipulation of the argument command causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8qr-3593-h6q8",
  "modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:34Z",
  "published": "2026-05-26T13:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9385"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_332/README.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813431"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365348"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365348/cti"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.totolink.net"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J8WR-FWF2-VVR9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-01 23:03
VLAI
Summary
Command Injection in create-choo-electron
Details

All versions of the package create-choo-electron are vulnerable to Command Injection via the devInstall function due to improper user-input sanitization.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "create-choo-electron"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25908"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-27T01:06:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of the package create-choo-electron are vulnerable to Command Injection via the devInstall function due to improper user-input sanitization.",
  "id": "GHSA-j8wr-fwf2-vvr9",
  "modified": "2025-04-01T23:03:04Z",
  "published": "2023-01-26T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25908"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-CREATECHOOELECTRON-3157953"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Command Injection in create-choo-electron"
}

GHSA-J96M-HG98-W6C4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-26 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-29 21:31
VLAI
Details

In Indo-Sol PROFINET-INspektor NT through 2.4.0, a command injection vulnerability in the gedtupdater service of the firmware allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands with root privileges via a crafted filename parameter in POST requests to the /api/updater/ctrl/start_update endpoint.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-49959"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-26T16:27:47Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In Indo-Sol PROFINET-INspektor NT through 2.4.0, a command injection vulnerability in the gedtupdater service of the firmware allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands with root privileges via a crafted filename parameter in POST requests to the /api/updater/ctrl/start_update endpoint.",
  "id": "GHSA-j96m-hg98-w6c4",
  "modified": "2024-08-29T21:31:01Z",
  "published": "2024-02-26T18:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49959"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code-white.com/public-vulnerability-list"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.indu-sol.com/en/products/profinet/diagnostics/profinet-inspektorr-nt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J9CJ-HQR5-3WCM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2024-03-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

Dell vApp Manager, versions prior to 9.2.4.9 contain a Command Injection Vulnerability. An authorized attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to an execution of an inserted command. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25955"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T19:15:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dell vApp Manager, versions prior to 9.2.4.9 contain a Command Injection Vulnerability. An authorized attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to an execution of an inserted command. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.",
  "id": "GHSA-j9cj-hqr5-3wcm",
  "modified": "2024-03-28T21:30:31Z",
  "published": "2024-03-28T21:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25955"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000223609/dsa-2024-108-dell-powermaxos-5978-dell-powermax-os-10-0-1-5-dell-powermax-os-10-1-0-2-dell-unisphere-360-unisphere-powermax-unisphere-powermax-vapp-dell-solutions-enabler-vapp-and-dell-powermax-eem-security-update-for-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J9GW-H8VH-CC5R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-19 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32
VLAI
Details

AX3000 Dual-Band Gigabit Wi-Fi 6 Router AX9 V22.03.01.46 and AX3000 Dual-Band Gigabit Wi-Fi 6 Router AX12 V1.0 V22.03.01.46 were discovered to contain an authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the macFilterType parameter at /goform/setMacFilterCfg.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39963"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-19T15:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "AX3000 Dual-Band Gigabit Wi-Fi 6 Router AX9 V22.03.01.46 and AX3000 Dual-Band Gigabit Wi-Fi 6 Router AX12 V1.0 V22.03.01.46 were discovered to contain an authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the macFilterType parameter at /goform/setMacFilterCfg.",
  "id": "GHSA-j9gw-h8vh-cc5r",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:06Z",
  "published": "2024-07-19T15:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39963"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/Swind1er/c8e4369c7fdfd750c8ad01a276105c57"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J9P7-7WW6-3MJX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 15:31 – Updated: 2026-02-18 15:31
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a voice-preprocessing script, where malicious input created by an attacker could cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-33249"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T14:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a voice-preprocessing script, where malicious input created by an attacker could cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.",
  "id": "GHSA-j9p7-7ww6-3mjx",
  "modified": "2026-02-18T15:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-02-18T15:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33249"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5762"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-33249"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J9PC-9PX3-MP86

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:19
VLAI
Details

Proxy command injection vulnerability in Trend Micro InterScan Messaging Virtual Appliance 9.0 and 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations. The specific flaw can be exploited by parsing the "t" parameter within modTMCSS Proxy. Formerly ZDI-CAN-4744.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-11391"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-03T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Proxy command injection vulnerability in Trend Micro InterScan Messaging Virtual Appliance 9.0 and 9.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations. The specific flaw can be exploited by parsing the \"t\" parameter within modTMCSS Proxy. Formerly ZDI-CAN-4744.",
  "id": "GHSA-j9pc-9px3-mp86",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:19:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:19:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11391"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/1117723"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100075"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-17-502"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.