CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J6WP-HQMG-GX4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2025-06-05 00:31A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T00:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-j6wp-hqmg-gx4g",
"modified": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link5/vuln_49/49.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.589221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J76V-X5JP-F9GJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-25 00:00A remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability was found in FeMiner wms V1.0 in /wms/src/system/datarec.php. The $_POST[r_name] is directly passed into the $mysqlstr and is executed by exec.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-16T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability was found in FeMiner wms V1.0 in /wms/src/system/datarec.php. The $_POST[r_name] is directly passed into the $mysqlstr and is executed by exec.",
"id": "GHSA-j76v-x5jp-f9gj",
"modified": "2022-05-25T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:01:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FeMiner/wms/issues/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J78J-H8VV-5M5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 18:32 – Updated: 2024-08-20 18:31A command injection issue in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XSOAR CommonScripts Pack allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of an integration container.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5914"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T17:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection issue in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XSOAR CommonScripts Pack allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of an integration container.",
"id": "GHSA-j78j-h8vv-5m5x",
"modified": "2024-08-20T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T18:32:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2024-5914"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7F9-7QQH-2RXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-23 18:32Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability through an url parameter of an authenticated enpoint in Enphase IQ Gateway (formerly known as Envoy) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Envoy: from 4.x to 8.x and < 8.2.4225.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21879"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability through an url parameter of an authenticated enpoint in Enphase IQ Gateway (formerly known as Envoy) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Envoy: from 4.x to 8.x and \u003c 8.2.4225.",
"id": "GHSA-j7f9-7qqh-2rxf",
"modified": "2024-08-23T18:32:59Z",
"published": "2024-08-12T15:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2024-21879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2024-00011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://enphase.com/cybersecurity/advisories/ensa-2024-4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:H/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7G8-4FHR-Q3W3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-30 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-30 15:30An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a command vulnerability in ESM prior to version 11.6.9 allows a remote administrator to execute arbitrary code as root on the ESM. This is possible as the input isn't correctly sanitized when adding a new data source.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-30T13:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nAn Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a command vulnerability in ESM prior to version 11.6.9 allows a remote administrator to execute arbitrary code as root on the ESM. This is possible as the input isn\u0027t correctly sanitized when adding a new data source.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-j7g8-4fhr-q3w3",
"modified": "2023-11-30T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-11-30T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kcm.trellix.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10413"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7Q6-WVV8-QJ98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_122D0. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_122D0. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-j7q6-wvv8-qj98",
"modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:27Z",
"published": "2022-04-11T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJ2dGrKar-WTlYz13v1f0BIsoIm3aU0l?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wu610777031/IoT_Hunter/blob/main/Inhand%20InRouter%20900%20Industrial%204G%20Router%20%20Vulnerabilities(RCE).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7X2-649W-MXWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28An exploitable SQL injection vulnerability exists in ‘getAssets.jsp’ page of OpenClinic GA 5.173.3. The componentStatus parameter in the getAssets.jsp page is vulnerable to unauthenticated SQL injection An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An exploitable SQL injection vulnerability exists in \u2018getAssets.jsp\u2019 page of OpenClinic GA 5.173.3. The componentStatus parameter in the getAssets.jsp page is vulnerable to unauthenticated SQL injection An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-j7x2-649w-mxwh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1207"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J858-6544-MP99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:21 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:21The SonicWall Secure Remote Access server (version 8.1.0.2-14sv) is vulnerable to a Remote Command Injection vulnerability in its web administrative interface. This vulnerability occurs in the 'viewcert' CGI (/cgi-bin/viewcert) component responsible for processing SSL certificate information. The CGI application doesn't properly escape the information it's passed in the 'CERT' variable before a call to system() is performed - allowing for remote command injection. Exploitation of this vulnerability yields shell access to the remote machine under the nobody user account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9684"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-22T05:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The SonicWall Secure Remote Access server (version 8.1.0.2-14sv) is vulnerable to a Remote Command Injection vulnerability in its web administrative interface. This vulnerability occurs in the \u0027viewcert\u0027 CGI (/cgi-bin/viewcert) component responsible for processing SSL certificate information. The CGI application doesn\u0027t properly escape the information it\u0027s passed in the \u0027CERT\u0027 variable before a call to system() is performed - allowing for remote command injection. Exploitation of this vulnerability yields shell access to the remote machine under the nobody user account.",
"id": "GHSA-j858-6544-mp99",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:21:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:21:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2016-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://documents.software.dell.com/sonicwall-sma-100-series/8.1.0.7/release-notes/resolved-issues?ParentProduct=868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://pastebin.com/g1e2qU6N"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96375"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J878-H566-H85X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-08 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 21:30A vulnerability has been found in wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP up to 0.2.13. The affected element is the function extractBaseCommand of the file src/command-manager.ts of the component Absolute Path Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor explains: "The usual use case is that AI is asked to do something, picks commands itself, and typically uses simple command names without absolute paths. It's curious why a user would ask the model to bypass restrictions this way. (...) This could potentially be a problem, but we are yet to hear reports of this being an issue in actual workflows. We'll leave this issue open for situations where people may report this as a problem for the long term."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T19:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP up to 0.2.13. The affected element is the function extractBaseCommand of the file src/command-manager.ts of the component Absolute Path Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor explains: \"The usual use case is that AI is asked to do something, picks commands itself, and typically uses simple command names without absolute paths. It\u0027s curious why a user would ask the model to bypass restrictions this way. (...) This could potentially be a problem, but we are yet to hear reports of this being an issue in actual workflows. We\u0027ll leave this issue open for situations where people may report this as a problem for the long term.\"",
"id": "GHSA-j878-h566-h85x",
"modified": "2025-10-08T21:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-10-08T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wonderwhy-er/DesktopCommanderMCP/issues/218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wonderwhy-er/DesktopCommanderMCP/issues/218#issue-3343855120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wonderwhy-er/DesktopCommanderMCP/issues/218#issuecomment-3214135034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.327609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.668005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J88Q-33H3-G8PX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-24 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-24 12:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. This issue affects the function cgi_add_zip of the file /cgi-bin/webfile_mgr.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument path leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-24T12:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. This issue affects the function cgi_add_zip of the file /cgi-bin/webfile_mgr.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument path leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.",
"id": "GHSA-j88q-33h3-g8px",
"modified": "2024-08-24T12:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-08-24T12:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BuaaIOTTeam/Iot_Dlink_NAS/blob/main/DNS_cgi_add_zip.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.396237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.