CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5388 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-55CC-7HM8-3HR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-18 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-18 18:30The cbis_manager Podman container is vulnerable to remote command execution via the /api/plugins endpoint. Improper sanitization of the HTTP Headers X-FILENAME, X-PAGE, and X-FIELD allows for command injection. These headers are directly utilized within the subprocess.Popen Python function without adequate validation, enabling a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system by crafting malicious header values within an HTTP request to the affected endpoint. The web service executes with root privileges within the container environment, the demonstrated remote code execution permits an attacker to acquire elevated privileges for the command execution. Restricting access to the management network with an external firewall can partially mitigate this risk.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49565"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-18T06:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The cbis_manager Podman container is vulnerable to remote command execution via the /api/plugins endpoint. Improper sanitization of the HTTP Headers X-FILENAME, X-PAGE, and X-FIELD allows for command injection. These headers are directly utilized within the subprocess.Popen Python function without adequate validation, enabling a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system by crafting malicious header values within an HTTP request to the affected endpoint.\nThe web service executes with root privileges within the container environment, the demonstrated remote code execution permits an attacker to acquire elevated privileges for the command execution.\nRestricting access to the management network with an external firewall can partially mitigate this risk.",
"id": "GHSA-55cc-7hm8-3hr4",
"modified": "2025-09-18T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-09-18T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nokia.com/about-us/security-and-privacy/product-security-advisory/CVE-2023-49565"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-55F4-6PV4-VW79
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-30 21:30SPH Engineering UgCS 5.13.0 is vulnerable to Arbitary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-29T17:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SPH Engineering UgCS 5.13.0 is vulnerable to Arbitary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-55f4-6pv4-vw79",
"modified": "2025-10-30T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-10-29T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Clicksafeae/CVE-2025-60595/tree/main"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sphengineering.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-55JG-7RXJ-HH46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 06:31A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. The impacted element is the function cgi_speed/cgi_dhcpd_lease/cgi_ddns/cgi_set_ip/cgi_upnp_del/cgi_dhcpd/cgi_upnp_add/cgi_upnp_edit of the file /cgi-bin/network_mgr.cgi. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T05:16:16Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. The impacted element is the function cgi_speed/cgi_dhcpd_lease/cgi_ddns/cgi_set_ip/cgi_upnp_del/cgi_dhcpd/cgi_upnp_add/cgi_upnp_edit of the file /cgi-bin/network_mgr.cgi. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-55jg-7rxj-hh46",
"modified": "2026-05-11T06:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T06:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dxz0069/WAVLINK-WN530H4-Command-Injection-in-set_add_routing/blob/main/D-Link%20DNS-320%20network_mgr.cgi%20Multiple%20OS%20Command%20Injection%20Vulnerabilities.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/810078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362568/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-562G-JJ97-QMMG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 09:31 – Updated: 2025-09-16 15:32Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in the Netflow directory field may allow OS command injection. This issue affects Pandora FMS 774 through 778
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-27T08:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in the Netflow directory field may allow OS command injection. This issue affects Pandora FMS 774 through 778",
"id": "GHSA-562g-jj97-qmmg",
"modified": "2025-09-16T15:32:26Z",
"published": "2025-06-27T09:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pandorafms.com/en/security/common-vulnerabilities-and-exposures"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-565X-M8JW-G2F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-27 06:31 – Updated: 2025-06-12 15:31VinChin Backup & Recovery v5.0., v6.0., v6.7., and v7.0. was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45498"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-27T04:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VinChin Backup \u0026 Recovery v5.0.*, v6.0.*, v6.7.*, and v7.0.* was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-565x-m8jw-g2f2",
"modified": "2025-06-12T15:31:16Z",
"published": "2023-10-27T06:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45498"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.leakix.net/2023/10/vinchin-backup-rce-chain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175397/VinChin-VMWare-Backup-7.0-Hardcoded-Credential-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176289/Vinchin-Backup-And-Recovery-Command-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Oct/31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-566R-RXH9-78F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 18:31A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-823G router firmware DIR823G_V1.0.2B05_20181207.bin in the timelycheck and sysconf binaries, which process the /var/system/linux_vlan_reinit file. The vulnerability occurs because content read from this file is only partially validated for a prefix and then formatted using vsnprintf() before being executed with system(), allowing an attacker with write access to /var/system/linux_vlan_reinit to execute arbitrary commands on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T18:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-823G router firmware DIR823G_V1.0.2B05_20181207.bin in the timelycheck and sysconf binaries, which process the /var/system/linux_vlan_reinit file. The vulnerability occurs because content read from this file is only partially validated for a prefix and then formatted using vsnprintf() before being executed with system(), allowing an attacker with write access to /var/system/linux_vlan_reinit to execute arbitrary commands on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-566r-rxh9-78f8",
"modified": "2025-11-14T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/DLink/DLink-DIR-823G/CVE-2025-60671.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://d-link.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-569F-2GGR-6V5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-569f-2ggr-6v5w",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-01-04T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-56GH-5CPC-W3CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 18:31 – Updated: 2025-05-12 18:31TOTOLINK A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 contains a command execution vulnerability in the setDeviceName interface of the /lib/cste_modules/global.so library, specifically in the processing of the deviceMac parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-02T17:15:52Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 contains a command execution vulnerability in the setDeviceName interface of the /lib/cste_modules/global.so library, specifically in the processing of the deviceMac parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-56gh-5cpc-w3cc",
"modified": "2025-05-12T18:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-05-02T18:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SunnyYANGyaya/cuicuishark-sheep-fishIOT/blob/main/ToTolink/A950RG/5024-setDeviceName-deviceMac-command.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-56P8-43MV-PHVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-20 21:30A security vulnerability has been detected in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This vulnerability affects the function addStaticRoute of the file /goform/addStaticRoute. Such manipulation of the argument staticRoute_IP_setting/staticRoute_Netmask_setting/staticRoute_Gateway_setting/staticRoute_Metric_setting/staticRoute_destType_setting leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T20:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This vulnerability affects the function addStaticRoute of the file /goform/addStaticRoute. Such manipulation of the argument staticRoute_IP_setting/staticRoute_Netmask_setting/staticRoute_Gateway_setting/staticRoute_Metric_setting/staticRoute_destType_setting leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-56p8-43mv-phvc",
"modified": "2025-08-20T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Linksys/vuln_11/11.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.320775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.631517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-56PH-GVWC-WQXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-28 21:33 – Updated: 2026-03-28 21:33A vulnerability was identified in kazuph mcp-docs-rag up to 0.5.0. Affected is the function cloneRepository of the file src/index.ts of the component add_git_repository/add_text_file. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-28T19:16:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in kazuph mcp-docs-rag up to 0.5.0. Affected is the function cloneRepository of the file src/index.ts of the component add_git_repository/add_text_file. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-56ph-gvwc-wqxr",
"modified": "2026-03-28T21:33:11Z",
"published": "2026-03-28T21:33:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kazuph/mcp-docs-rag/issues/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kazuph/mcp-docs-rag"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25822451/mcp-docs-rag_bug.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/779152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/353892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/353892/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.