CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4CC7-X3P2-W2W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_10F2C. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27276"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_10F2C. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-4cc7-x3p2-w2w7",
"modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:26Z",
"published": "2022-04-11T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJ2dGrKar-WTlYz13v1f0BIsoIm3aU0l?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wu610777031/IoT_Hunter/blob/main/Inhand%20InRouter%20900%20Industrial%204G%20Router%20%20Vulnerabilities(RCE).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CRH-78XH-VWRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function UploadOpenVpnCert of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T13:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function UploadOpenVpnCert of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-4crh-78xh-vwrj",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_342/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365436/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CRJ-F4F5-7MHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.2 HF1). Affected applications are vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation when loading VxLAN configurations. This could allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39570"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T12:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions \u003c V3.2 HF1). Affected applications are vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation when loading VxLAN configurations. This could allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-4crj-f4f5-7mhf",
"modified": "2024-07-09T12:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T12:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-928781.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CRX-744V-8G3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RAX75 before 1.0.3.106, RAX80 before 1.0.3.106, RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RAX75 before 1.0.3.106, RAX80 before 1.0.3.106, RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-4crx-744v-8g3j",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:37Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064088/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Routers-and-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4F5G-64PX-29PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:14 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:14The remove_bad_chars function in utils/cups-browsed.c in cups-filters before 1.0.66 allows remote IPP printers to execute arbitrary commands via consecutive shell metacharacters in the (1) model or (2) PDL. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-2707.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-2265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-03-24T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The remove_bad_chars function in utils/cups-browsed.c in cups-filters before 1.0.66 allows remote IPP printers to execute arbitrary commands via consecutive shell metacharacters in the (1) model or (2) PDL. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-2707.",
"id": "GHSA-4f5g-64px-29pq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:14:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:14:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.linuxfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2015-0132.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bzr.linuxfoundation.org/loggerhead/openprinting/cups-filters/revision/7333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-07/msg00033.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2015:196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2532-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4F6V-52XW-69Q3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-14 21:31An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /controller/PicManager.php of FoxCMS v1.2.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted template file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51650"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-14T17:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /controller/PicManager.php of FoxCMS v1.2.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted template file.",
"id": "GHSA-4f6v-52xw-69q3",
"modified": "2025-07-14T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-14T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Y4y17/Foxcms/blob/main/Foxcms%20%3C%3D%20v1.2.6%20RCE.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4FFV-M79H-6HX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12Multiple vulnerabilities in the web UI and API endpoints of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) or Cisco Cloud APIC could allow a remote attacker to perform a command injection or file upload attack on an affected system. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-25T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web UI and API endpoints of Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC) or Cisco Cloud APIC could allow a remote attacker to perform a command injection or file upload attack on an affected system. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-4ffv-m79h-6hx2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-capic-mdvul-HBsJBuvW"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4FG8-6WMQ-2R6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:35 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:35scripts/licensecheck.pl in devscripts before 2.15.7 allows local users to execute arbitrary shell commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-25T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "scripts/licensecheck.pl in devscripts before 2.15.7 allows local users to execute arbitrary shell commands.",
"id": "GHSA-4fg8-6wmq-2r6x",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:35:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:35:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/devscripts.git/commit/?id=c0687bcde23108dd42e146573c368b6905e6b8e8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=794260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1249635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-August/163705.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-August/163710.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/08/01/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76143"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4FHX-2P3M-RP8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:17 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:17The Keyguard application in ALE-L02C635B140 and earlier versions,ALE-L02C636B140 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C10B150 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C185B200 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C432B214 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C464B150 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C636B200 and earlier versions,ALE-L23C605B190 and earlier versions,ALE-TL00C01B250 and earlier versions,ALE-UL00C00B250 and earlier versions,MT7-L09C605B325 and earlier versions,MT7-L09C900B339 and earlier versions,MT7-TL10C900B339 and earlier versions,CRR-CL00C92B172 and earlier versions,CRR-L09C432B180 and earlier versions,CRR-TL00C01B172 and earlier versions,CRR-UL00C00B172 and earlier versions,CRR-UL20C432B171 and earlier versions,GRA-CL00C92B230 and earlier versions,GRA-L09C432B222 and earlier versions,GRA-TL00C01B230SP01 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C00B230 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C10B201 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C432B220 and earlier versions,H60-L04C10B523 and earlier versions,H60-L04C185B523 and earlier versions,H60-L04C636B527 and earlier versions,H60-L04C900B530 and earlier versions,PLK-AL10C00B220 and earlier versions,PLK-AL10C92B220 and earlier versions,PLK-CL00C92B220 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C10B140 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C185B130 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B187 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B190 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B190 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C636B130 and earlier versions,PLK-TL00C01B220 and earlier versions,PLK-TL01HC01B220 and earlier versions,PLK-UL00C17B220 and earlier versions,ATH-AL00C00B210 and earlier versions,ATH-AL00C92B200 and earlier versions,ATH-CL00C92B210 and earlier versions,ATH-TL00C01B210 and earlier versions,ATH-TL00HC01B210 and earlier versions,ATH-UL00C00B210 and earlier versions,RIO-AL00C00B220 and earlier versions,RIO-CL00C92B220 and earlier versions,RIO-TL00C01B220 and earlier versions,RIO-UL00C00B220 and earlier versions have a privilege elevation vulnerability. An attacker may exploit it to launch command injection in order to gain elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-22T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Keyguard application in ALE-L02C635B140 and earlier versions,ALE-L02C636B140 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C10B150 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C185B200 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C432B214 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C464B150 and earlier versions,ALE-L21C636B200 and earlier versions,ALE-L23C605B190 and earlier versions,ALE-TL00C01B250 and earlier versions,ALE-UL00C00B250 and earlier versions,MT7-L09C605B325 and earlier versions,MT7-L09C900B339 and earlier versions,MT7-TL10C900B339 and earlier versions,CRR-CL00C92B172 and earlier versions,CRR-L09C432B180 and earlier versions,CRR-TL00C01B172 and earlier versions,CRR-UL00C00B172 and earlier versions,CRR-UL20C432B171 and earlier versions,GRA-CL00C92B230 and earlier versions,GRA-L09C432B222 and earlier versions,GRA-TL00C01B230SP01 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C00B230 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C10B201 and earlier versions,GRA-UL00C432B220 and earlier versions,H60-L04C10B523 and earlier versions,H60-L04C185B523 and earlier versions,H60-L04C636B527 and earlier versions,H60-L04C900B530 and earlier versions,PLK-AL10C00B220 and earlier versions,PLK-AL10C92B220 and earlier versions,PLK-CL00C92B220 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C10B140 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C185B130 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B187 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B190 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C432B190 and earlier versions,PLK-L01C636B130 and earlier versions,PLK-TL00C01B220 and earlier versions,PLK-TL01HC01B220 and earlier versions,PLK-UL00C17B220 and earlier versions,ATH-AL00C00B210 and earlier versions,ATH-AL00C92B200 and earlier versions,ATH-CL00C92B210 and earlier versions,ATH-TL00C01B210 and earlier versions,ATH-TL00HC01B210 and earlier versions,ATH-UL00C00B210 and earlier versions,RIO-AL00C00B220 and earlier versions,RIO-CL00C92B220 and earlier versions,RIO-TL00C01B220 and earlier versions,RIO-UL00C00B220 and earlier versions have a privilege elevation vulnerability. An attacker may exploit it to launch command injection in order to gain elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-4fhx-2p3m-rp8w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:17:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:17:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20170125-01-emui-en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95919"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4FQR-R8F7-4QCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-14 00:00TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setLanguageCfg of the file global.so which can control langType to attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-03T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setLanguageCfg of the file global.so which can control langType to attack.",
"id": "GHSA-4fqr-r8f7-4qcw",
"modified": "2022-06-14T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-06-04T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/p1Kk/vuln/blob/main/totolink_ex1200t_langtype_rce.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.