CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5385 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4896-CR5V-422Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-12 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-12 12:31A vulnerability was found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The impacted element is the function evalIsFailed of the file sonic-agent/src/main/java/org/cloud/sonic/agent/tests/script/GroovyScriptImpl.java of the component Groovy Script Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15496"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-12T11:16:46Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The impacted element is the function evalIsFailed of the file sonic-agent/src/main/java/org/cloud/sonic/agent/tests/script/GroovyScriptImpl.java of the component Groovy Script Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-4896-cr5v-422q",
"modified": "2026-07-12T12:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-07-12T12:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xpp3901/CVE_APPLY/tree/main/V-S002_SonicCloudPlatform_Groovy_Unsandboxed_RCE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/844485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377803/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-48HM-67XM-45VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-48hm-67xm-45vw",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:25Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064096/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0082"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-48JV-V9Q6-GCG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:11 – Updated: 2025-04-03 04:17PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in welcome.php in phpLDAPadmin 0.9.6 and 0.9.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the custom_welcome_page parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-2793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-09-02T23:03:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in welcome.php in phpLDAPadmin 0.9.6 and 0.9.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the custom_welcome_page parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-48jv-v9q6-gcg3",
"modified": "2025-04-03T04:17:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:11:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-2793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/22103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=112542447219235\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/16617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.rgod.altervista.org/phpldap.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/14695"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-48M9-9CXQ-75R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:43 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:43IBM Security Guardium Database Activity Monitor 8.2 before p310, 9.x through 9.5 before p700, and 10.x through 10.1 before p100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via the search field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0236"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-21T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Security Guardium Database Activity Monitor 8.2 before p310, 9.x through 9.5 before p700, and 10.x through 10.1 before p100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via the search field.",
"id": "GHSA-48m9-9cxq-75r8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:43:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:43:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21990372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93823"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48MV-P55R-F874
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-08 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-08 18:30This vulnerability allows a Backup Administrator to perform remote code execution (RCE) as the postgres user by sending a malicious password parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59468"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-08T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows a Backup Administrator to perform remote code execution (RCE) as the postgres user by sending a\nmalicious password parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-48mv-p55r-f874",
"modified": "2026-01-08T18:30:49Z",
"published": "2026-01-08T18:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.veeam.com/kb4792"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48W5-C2RF-FC9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2023-09-29 15:30Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. ",
"id": "GHSA-48w5-c2rf-fc9x",
"modified": "2023-09-29T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwan-cmdinjm-9QMSmgcn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48WC-MJPH-V799
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00applications/luci-app-ddns/luasrc/model/cbi/ddns/detail.lua in the DDNS package for OpenWrt 19.07 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary commands via POST requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-21T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "applications/luci-app-ddns/luasrc/model/cbi/ddns/detail.lua in the DDNS package for OpenWrt 19.07 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary commands via POST requests.",
"id": "GHSA-48wc-mjph-v799",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openwrt/luci/commit/9df7ea4d66644df69fcea18b36bc465912ffc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://openwrt.org/advisory/2021-08-01-3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4989-6Q5W-WJGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 18:31The constructed curl command from the "Copy as curl" feature in DevTools was not properly escaped for PowerShell. This could have lead to command injection if pasted into a Powershell prompt.
This bug only affects Thunderbird for Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 91.5, Firefox < 96, and Thunderbird < 91.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22744"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The constructed curl command from the \"Copy as curl\" feature in DevTools was not properly escaped for PowerShell. This could have lead to command injection if pasted into a Powershell prompt.\u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Thunderbird for Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 91.5, Firefox \u003c 96, and Thunderbird \u003c 91.5.",
"id": "GHSA-4989-6q5w-wjgw",
"modified": "2025-04-16T18:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1737252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49F3-C8WM-Q9GP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the devicemac parameter in /setting/setDeviceName.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the devicemac parameter in /setting/setDeviceName.",
"id": "GHSA-49f3-c8wm-q9gp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49G9-8M2W-HFGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 06:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T04:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .",
"id": "GHSA-49g9-8m2w-hfgg",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:44Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T06:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/a101e-IoTvul/iotvul/blob/main/tp-link/3/TL-WR940N_TL-WR841N_userRpm_WlanNetworkRpm_Command_Injection.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230609111043/https://github.com/a101e-IoTvul/iotvul/blob/main/tp-link/3/TL-WR940N_TL-WR841N_userRpm_WlanNetworkRpm_Command_Injection.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-33538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.secpod.com/blog/cisa-issues-warning-on-active-exploitation-of-tp-link-vulnerability-cve-2023-33538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/3562"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.