Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2021-43589 (GCVE-0-2021-43589)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-24 20:10 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:21
VLAI
Summary
Dell EMC Unity, Dell EMC UnityVSA and Dell EMC Unity XT versions prior to 5.1.2.0.5.007 contain an operating system (OS) command injection Vulnerability. A locally authenticated user with high privileges may potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the Unity underlying OS, with the privileges of the vulnerable application. Exploitation may lead to an elevation of privilege.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Unity Affected: unspecified , < 5.1.2.0.5.007 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-12-29 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-42132 (GCVE-0-2021-42132)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-07 13:13 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:30
VLAI
Summary
A command Injection vulnerability exists in Ivanti Avalanche before 6.3.3 allows an attacker with access to the Inforail Service to perform arbitrary command execution.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Ivanti Avalanche Affected: 6.3.3
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-42129 (GCVE-0-2021-42129)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-07 13:13 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:30
VLAI
Summary
A command injection vulnerability exists in Ivanti Avalanche before 6.3.3 allows an attacker with access to the Inforail Service to perform arbitrary command execution.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Ivanti Avalanche Affected: 6.3.3
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41599 (GCVE-0-2021-41599)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-17 23:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:15
VLAI
Title
Improper control flow in GitHub Enterprise Server hosted Pages leads to remote code execution
Summary
A remote code execution vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that could be exploited when building a GitHub Pages site. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need permission to create and build a GitHub Pages site on the GitHub Enterprise Server instance. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.3 and was fixed in versions 3.0.21, 3.1.13, 3.2.5. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitHub GitHub Enterprise Server Affected: 3.0 , < 3.0.21 (custom)
Affected: 3.1 , < 3.1.13 (custom)
Affected: 3.2 , < 3.2.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
yvvdwf
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41231 (GCVE-0-2021-41231)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 18:12 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:18
VLAI
Title
OpenMage LTS DataFlow upload remote code execution vulnerability
Summary
OpenMage LTS is an e-commerce platform. Prior to versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19, an administrator with the permissions to upload files via DataFlow and to create products was able to execute arbitrary code via the convert profile. Versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19 contain a patch for this issue.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: < 19.4.22
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41146 (GCVE-0-2021-41146)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-21 17:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary command execution on Windows in qutebrowser
Summary
qutebrowser is an open source keyboard-focused browser with a minimal GUI. Starting with qutebrowser v1.7.0, the Windows installer for qutebrowser registers a `qutebrowserurl:` URL handler. With certain applications, opening a specially crafted `qutebrowserurl:...` URL can lead to execution of qutebrowser commands, which in turn allows arbitrary code execution via commands such as `:spawn` or `:debug-pyeval`. Only Windows installs where qutebrowser is registered as URL handler are affected. The issue has been fixed in qutebrowser v2.4.0. The fix also adds additional hardening for potential similar issues on Linux (by adding the new --untrusted-args flag to the .desktop file), though no such vulnerabilities are known.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
  • CWE-641 - Improper Restriction of Names for Files and Other Resources
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
qutebrowser qutebrowser Affected: >= 1.7.0, < 2.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41144 (GCVE-0-2021-41144)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 18:08 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:18
VLAI
Title
OpenMage LTS authenticated remote code execution through layout update
Summary
OpenMage LTS is an e-commerce platform. Prior to versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19, a layout block was able to bypass the block blacklist to execute remote code. Versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19 contain a patch for this issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: < 19.4.22
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41143 (GCVE-0-2021-41143)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 18:02 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:18
VLAI
Title
OpenMage LTS arbitrary file deletion in customer media allows for remote code execution
Summary
OpenMage LTS is an e-commerce platform. Prior to versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19, Magento admin users with access to the customer media could execute code on the server. Versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19 contain a patch for this issue.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: < 19.4.22
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-41116 (GCVE-0-2021-41116)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-05 17:40 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Command injection in composer on Windows
Summary
Composer is an open source dependency manager for the PHP language. In affected versions windows users running Composer to install untrusted dependencies are subject to command injection and should upgrade their composer version. Other OSs and WSL are not affected. The issue has been resolved in composer versions 1.10.23 and 2.1.9. There are no workarounds for this issue.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
composer composer Affected: < 1.10.23
Affected: >= 2.0, < 2.1.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-39217 (GCVE-0-2021-39217)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 17:57 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:18
VLAI
Title
OpenMage LTS arbitrary command execution in custom layout update through blocks
Summary
OpenMage LTS is an e-commerce platform. Prior to versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19, Custom Layout enabled admin users to execute arbitrary commands via block methods. Versions 19.4.22 and 20.0.19 contain patches for this issue.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenMage magento-lts Affected: < 19.4.22
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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