Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-24583 (GCVE-0-2023-24583)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 14:53 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Two OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the urvpn_client cmd_name_action functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This OS command injection is triggered through a UDP packet.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2023-24582 (GCVE-0-2023-24582)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 14:53 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Two OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the urvpn_client cmd_name_action functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This OS command injection is triggered through a TCP packet.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2023-24520 (GCVE-0-2023-24520)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 14:53 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Two OS command injection vulnerability exist in the vtysh_ubus toolsh_excute.constprop.1 functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially-crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This command injection is in the trace tool utility.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2023-24519 (GCVE-0-2023-24519)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 14:53 – Updated: 2025-11-04 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Two OS command injection vulnerability exist in the vtysh_ubus toolsh_excute.constprop.1 functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially-crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This command injection is in the ping tool utility.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2023-24467 (GCVE-0-2023-24467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:34 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possible Command Injection in OpenText iManager
Summary
Possible Command Injection
in iManager GET parameter has been discovered in
OpenText™ iManager 3.2.6.0000.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-23917 (GCVE-0-2023-23917)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-12 17:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A prototype pollution vulnerability exists in Rocket.Chat server <5.2.0 that could allow an attacker to a RCE under the admin account. Any user can create their own server in your cloud and become an admin so this vulnerability could affect the cloud infrastructure. This attack vector also may increase the impact of XSS to RCE which is dangerous for self-hosted users as well.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Rocket.chat |
Affected:
Fixed Version => 5.2.0
|
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CVE-2023-23550 (GCVE-0-2023-23550)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 14:53 – Updated: 2024-08-02 10:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the ys_thirdparty user_delete functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milesight | UR32L |
Affected:
v32.3.0.5
|
|
| milesight | ur32l_firmware |
Affected:
32.3.0.5
cpe:2.3:o:milesight:ur32l_firmware:32.3.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-23369 (GCVE-0-2023-23369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-03 16:34 – Updated: 2025-02-27 20:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, Multimedia Console, and Media Streaming add-on
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
Multimedia Console 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 ) and later
Multimedia Console 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) and later
QTS 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515 and later
QTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later
QTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later
Media Streaming add-on 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 ) and later
Media Streaming add-on 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) and later
Severity
9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | Multimedia Console |
Affected:
2.1.x , < 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 )
(custom)
Affected: 1.4.x , < 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515
(custom)
Affected: 4.3.6 , < 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 (custom) Affected: 4.3.4 , < 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 (custom) Affected: 4.3.3 , < 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 (custom) Affected: 4.2.x , < 4.2.6 build 20230621 (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | Media Streaming add-on |
Affected:
500.1.x , < 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 )
(custom)
Affected: 500.0.x , < 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) (custom) |
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CVE-2023-23356 (GCVE-0-2023-23356)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-19 01:39 – Updated: 2024-12-24 00:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QuFirewall
Summary
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QuFirewall 2.3.3 ( 2023/03/27 ) and later
and later
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuFirewall |
Affected:
2.3.x , < 2.3.3 ( 2023/03/27 )
(custom)
|
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CVE-2023-23355 (GCVE-0-2023-23355)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-29 04:02 – Updated: 2025-02-12 16:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud, QVP (QVR Pro appliances), QVR
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP operating systems. If exploited, the vulnerability possibly allows remote authenticated administrators to execute commands via unspecified vectors.
QES is not affected.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.0.1.2346 build 20230322 and later
QTS 4.5.4.2374 build 20230416 and later
QuTS hero h5.0.1.2348 build 20230324 and later
QuTS hero h4.5.4.2374 build 20230417 and later
QuTScloud c5.0.1.2374 and later
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.0.* , < 5.0.1.2346 build 20230322
(custom)
Affected: 4.5.* , < 4.5.4.2374 build 20230416 (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.0.* , < h5.0.1.2348 build 20230324
(custom)
Affected: h4.5.* , < h4.5.4.2374 build 20230417 (custom) |
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTScloud |
Affected:
c5.0.1 , < c5.0.1.2374
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QES |
Unaffected:
2.2.0
|
Credits
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.