Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-41282 (GCVE-0-2023-41282)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-02 16:04 – Updated: 2025-05-07 20:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated administrators to execute commands via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTScloud |
Affected:
c5.x.x , < c5.1.5.2651
(custom)
|
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CVE-2023-41281 (GCVE-0-2023-41281)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-02 16:04 – Updated: 2025-05-15 19:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated administrators to execute commands via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTScloud |
Affected:
c5.x.x , < c5.1.5.2651
(custom)
|
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CVE-2023-41031 (GCVE-0-2023-41031)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-22 16:07 – Updated: 2024-09-24 18:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Juplink RX4-1500 homemng.htm Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
Command injection in homemng.htm in Juplink RX4-1500 versions V1.0.2, V1.0.3, V1.0.4, and V1.0.5 allows remote authenticated attackers to execute commands via specially crafted requests to the vulnerable endpoint.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-09-18 07:25
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CVE-2023-41029 (GCVE-0-2023-41029)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-22 16:07 – Updated: 2024-09-24 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Juplink RX4-1500 Command Injection Vulnerability
Summary
Command injection vulnerability in the homemng.htm endpoint in Juplink RX4-1500 Wifi router firmware versions V1.0.2, V1.0.3, V1.0.4, and V1.0.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute commands as root via specially crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-09-18 07:20
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CVE-2023-40598 (GCVE-0-2023-40598)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-30 16:19 – Updated: 2025-02-28 11:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Command Injection in Splunk Enterprise Using External Lookups
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 8.2.12, 9.0.6, and 9.1.1, an attacker can create an external lookup that calls a legacy internal function. The attacker can use this internal function to insert code into the Splunk platform installation directory. From there, a user can execute arbitrary code on the Splunk platform Instance.
Severity
8.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
8.2 , < 8.2.12
(custom)
Affected: 9.0 , < 9.0.6 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.1 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Cloud |
Affected:
- , < 9.0.2305.200
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-08-30 00:00
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CVE-2023-40146 (GCVE-0-2023-40146)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-17 12:55 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the /bin/login functionality of Peplink Smart Reader v1.2.0 (in QEMU). A specially crafted command line argument can lead to a limited-shell escape and elevated capabilities. An attacker can authenticate with hard-coded credentials and execute unblocked default busybox functionality to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peplink | Smart Reader |
Affected:
v1.2.0 (in QEMU)
|
|
| peplink | smart_reader |
Affected:
v1.2.0
cpe:2.3:a:peplink:smart_reader:v1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-39523 (GCVE-0-2023-39523)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-07 20:55 – Updated: 2024-10-03 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ScanCode.io command injection in docker image fetch process
Summary
ScanCode.io is a server to script and automate software composition analysis with ScanPipe pipelines. Prior to version 32.5.1, the software has a possible command injection vulnerability in the docker fetch process as it allows to append malicious commands in the `docker_reference` parameter.
In the function `scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py:fetch_docker_image` the parameter `docker_reference` is user controllable. The `docker_reference` variable is then passed to the vulnerable function `get_docker_image_platform`. However, the `get_docker_image_plaform` function constructs a shell command with the passed `docker_reference`. The `pipes.run_command` then executes the shell command without any prior sanitization, making the function vulnerable to command injections. A malicious user who is able to create or add inputs to a project can inject commands. Although the command injections are blind and the user will not receive direct feedback without logs, it is still possible to cause damage to the server/container. The vulnerability appears for example if a malicious user adds a semicolon after the input of `docker://;`, it would allow appending malicious commands.
Version 32.5.1 contains a patch for this issue. The `docker_reference` input should be sanitized to avoid command injections and, as a workaround, one may avoid creating commands with user controlled input directly.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/commit/07ec0d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/blob/main/sca… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nexB | scancode.io |
Affected:
< 32.5.1
|
|
| nexb | scancode.io |
Affected:
0 , < 32.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:nexb:scancode.io:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-38690 (GCVE-0-2023-38690)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-04 16:31 – Updated: 2024-10-08 17:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
matrix-appservice-irc IRC command injection via admin commands containing newlines
Summary
matrix-appservice-irc is a Node.js IRC bridge for Matrix. Prior to version 1.0.1, it is possible to craft a command with newlines which would not be properly parsed. This would mean you could pass a string of commands as a channel name, which would then be run by the IRC bridge bot. Versions 1.0.1 and above are patched. There are no robust workarounds to the bug. One may disable dynamic channels in the config to disable the most common execution method but others may exist.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-i… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-i… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-i… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| matrix-org | matrix-appservice-irc |
Affected:
< 1.0.1
|
|
| matrix-org | matrix-appservice-irc |
Affected:
0 , < 1.0.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:matrix-org:matrix-appservice-irc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-37469 (GCVE-0-2023-37469)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-24 22:12 – Updated: 2024-10-02 18:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CasaOS Command Injection vulnerability
Summary
CasaOS is an open-source personal cloud system. Prior to version 0.4.4, if an authenticated user using CasaOS is able to successfully connect to a controlled SMB server, they are able to execute arbitrary commands. Version 0.4.4 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS/commit/af4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS/blob/96e92… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS/blob/96e92… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IceWhaleTech | CasaOS |
Affected:
< 0.4.4
|
|
| icewhaletech | casaos-userservice |
Affected:
0 , < 0.4.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:icewhaletech:casaos-userservice:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-36805 (GCVE-0-2023-36805)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-12 16:58 – Updated: 2025-10-30 18:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows MSHTML Platform Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Windows MSHTML Platform Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4851
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.4851
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4851
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.4851
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.1970
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.2416
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.3448
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.2283
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.3448
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20162
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6252
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6252
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6252
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26713
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26713
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21563
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21563
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-09-12 07:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.