Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-776
AllowedImproper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
153 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-0617 (GCVE-0-2025-0617)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-29 10:08 – Updated: 2025-02-12 19:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An attacker with access to an HX 10.0.0 and previous versions, may send specially-crafted data to the HX console. The malicious detection would then trigger file parsing containing exponential entity expansions in the consumer process thus causing a Denial of Service.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-29 14:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trellix | Trellix HX Console |
Affected:
5.1.1
|
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CVE-2024-43398 (GCVE-0-2024-43398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-22 14:14 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
REXML denial of service vulnerability
Summary
REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to this vulnerability. If you use other parser APIs such as stream parser API and SAX2 parser API, this vulnerability is not affected. The REXML gem 3.3.6 or later include the patch to fix the vulnerability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-22 14:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
4 references
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CVE-2024-28982 (GCVE-0-2024-28982)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-26 22:37 – Updated: 2024-09-11 23:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hitachi Vantara Pentaho Business Analytics Server - Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Summary
Hitachi Vantara Pentaho Business Analytics Server versions before 10.1.0.0 and 9.3.0.7, including 8.3.x do not correctly protect the ACL service endpoint of the Pentaho User Console against XML External Entity Reference.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-09 19:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hitachi Vantara | Pentaho Business Analytics Server |
Affected:
1.0 , < 9.3.0.7
(maven)
Affected: 8.3 , < 10.1.0.0 (maven) |
|
| hitachi_vantara | pentaho_business_analytics_server |
Affected:
1.0 , < 9.3.0.7
(maven)
Affected: 8.3 , < 10.1.0.0 (maven) cpe:2.3:a:hitachi_vantara:pentaho_business_analytics_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-27142 (GCVE-0-2024-27142)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-14 02:28 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pre-authenticated XXE injection
Summary
Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 19:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toshiba Tec Corporation | Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) |
Affected:
see the reference URL
|
Date Public
2024-06-14 02:00
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"assignerShortName": "Toshiba",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-27142",
"datePublished": "2024-06-14T02:28:02.965Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-21T02:11:53.250Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T17:41:21.398Z",
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CVE-2024-27141 (GCVE-0-2024-27141)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-14 02:21 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pre-authenticated Time-Based Blind XXE injection
Summary
Toshiba printers use XML communication for the API endpoint provided by the printer. For the endpoint, XML parsing library is used and it is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability. An attacker can DoS the printers by sending a HTTP request without authentication. An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 16:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
43 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toshiba Tec Corporation | Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) |
Affected:
see the reference URL
|
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2521_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2521_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2020_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2020_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2520_nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2520_nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2021_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2021_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2525_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3025_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3025_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3525_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3525_acg |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-4525_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-5525_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-5525_acg |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6525_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6525_acg |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2528-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3028-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3028-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3528-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3528-ag |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3528-ag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-4528-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-4528-ag |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4528-ag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-5528-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6528-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6526-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6526-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6527-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6527-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-7527-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-7527-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-6529-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6529-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-7529-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-7529-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-9029-a |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-9029-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-330-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-330-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-400-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-400-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2010-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2010-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2110-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2110-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2510-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2510-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2610-ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2610-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2015-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2015-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2515-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2515-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-2615-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2615-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3015-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3015-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3115-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3115-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3515-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3515-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-3615-nc |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3615-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-4515_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4515_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| toshibatec | e-studio-4615_ac |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4615_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-06-14 02:00
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CVE-2024-1455 (GCVE-0-2024-1455)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-26 14:03 – Updated: 2024-08-15 15:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Billion Laughs Attack leading to DoS in langchain-ai/langchain
Summary
A vulnerability in the langchain-ai/langchain repository allows for a Billion Laughs Attack, a type of XML External Entity (XXE) exploitation. By nesting multiple layers of entities within an XML document, an attacker can cause the XML parser to consume excessive CPU and memory resources, leading to a denial of service (DoS).
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-15 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| langchain-ai | langchain-ai/langchain |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.1.35
(custom)
|
|
| langchain-ai | langchain-ai\/langchain |
Affected:
0 , < 0.1.35
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:langchain-ai:langchain-ai\/langchain:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-38490 (GCVE-0-2023-38490)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-27 14:46 – Updated: 2024-10-16 20:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kirby XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the XML data handler
Summary
Kirby is a content management system. A vulnerability in versions prior to 3.5.8.3, 3.6.6.3, 3.7.5.2, 3.8.4.1, and 3.9.6 only affects Kirby sites that use the `Xml` data handler (e.g. `Data::decode($string, 'xml')`) or the `Xml::parse()` method in site or plugin code. The Kirby core does not use any of the affected methods.
XML External Entities (XXE) is a little used feature in the XML markup language that allows to include data from external files in an XML structure. If the name of the external file can be controlled by an attacker, this becomes a vulnerability that can be abused for various system impacts like the disclosure of internal or confidential data that is stored on the server (arbitrary file disclosure) or to perform network requests on behalf of the server (server-side request forgery, SSRF).
Kirby's `Xml::parse()` method used PHP's `LIBXML_NOENT` constant, which enabled the processing of XML external entities during the parsing operation. The `Xml::parse()` method is used in the `Xml` data handler (e.g. `Data::decode($string, 'xml')`). Both the vulnerable method and the data handler are not used in the Kirby core. However they may be used in site or plugin code, e.g. to parse RSS feeds or other XML files. If those files are of an external origin (e.g. uploaded by a user or retrieved from an external URL), attackers may be able to include an external entity in the XML file that will then be processed in the parsing process. Kirby sites that don't use XML parsing in site or plugin code are *not* affected.
The problem has been patched in Kirby 3.5.8.3, 3.6.6.3, 3.7.5.2, 3.8.4.1, and 3.9.6. In all of the mentioned releases, the maintainers have removed the `LIBXML_NOENT` constant as processing of external entities is out of scope of the parsing logic. This protects all uses of the method against the described vulnerability.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-16 20:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/commit/277b0566… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.5.8.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.6.6.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.7.5.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.8.4.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/3.9.6 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-28118 (GCVE-0-2023-28118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-20 12:39 – Updated: 2025-02-25 14:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
kaml has potential denial of service while parsing input with anchors and aliases
Summary
kaml provides YAML support for kotlinx.serialization. Prior to version 0.53.0, applications that use kaml to parse untrusted input containing anchors and aliases may consume excessive memory and crash. Version 0.53.0 and later default to refusing to parse YAML documents containing anchors and aliases. There are no known workarounds.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-25 14:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/commit/5f82a2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/charleskorn/kaml/releases/tag/0.53.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| charleskorn | kaml |
Affected:
< 0.53.0
|
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CVE-2023-3569 (GCVE-0-2023-3569)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-08 06:56 – Updated: 2025-02-27 21:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PHOENIX CONTACT: Denial-of-Service due to malicious XML files in TC ROUTER, TC CLOUD CLIENT and CLOUD CLIENT
Summary
In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 21:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX |
Affected:
0 , < 2.06.10
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC CLOUD CLIENT 1002-4G |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC CLOUD CLIENT 1002-4G ATT |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC CLOUD CLIENT 1002-4G VZW |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC ROUTER 3002T-4G |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC ROUTER 3002T-4G ATT |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | TC ROUTER 3002T-4G VZW |
Affected:
0 , < 2.07.2
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-08-08 06:45
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CVE-2022-34467 (GCVE-0-2022-34467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-12 10:07 – Updated: 2024-08-03 09:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 8 compatible) (All versions < V9.2.2), Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 9 compatible) (All versions < V10.1.2). The affected component is vulnerable to XML Entity Expansion Injection. An attacker may use this to compromise the availability of the affected component.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 8 compatible) |
Affected:
All versions < V9.2.2
|
|
| Siemens | Mendix Excel Importer Module (Mendix 9 compatible) |
Affected:
All versions < V10.1.2
|
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Mitigation
Operation
If possible, prohibit the use of DTDs or use an XML parser that limits the expansion of recursive DTD entities.
Mitigation
Implementation
Before parsing XML files with associated DTDs, scan for recursive entity declarations and do not continue parsing potentially explosive content.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.