Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-770
AllowedAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
4094 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-108768 (GCVE-0-2026-108768)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 18:59 – Updated: 2026-10-13 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
zhayujie CowAgent Streaming Tool-Call Argument json.loads allocation of resources
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.2.0. Affected by this issue is the function json.loads of the component Streaming Tool-Call Argument Handler. The manipulation leads to allocation of resources. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 19:14 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416550 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416550/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108768 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/958026 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/lche511/cve/tree/main/CowAgent… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-108755 (GCVE-0-2026-108755)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 12:19 – Updated: 2026-10-14 16:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hatchet through 0.110.5 Unauthenticated Memory Exhaustion via SNS Ingestion Endpoint
Summary
Hatchet through 0.110.5 contains an allocation of resources without limits vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to exhaust memory via the SNS ingestion endpoint. Attackers can send arbitrarily large or concurrent request bodies to POST /api/v1/sns/{tenant}/{event} with any UUID, which the SnsUpdate handler buffers before signature verification, degrading availability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 16:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackmd.io/@haind03/hatchet-public-sns-unb… | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/hatchet-dev/hatchet/blob/56c61… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/hatchet-dev/hatchet/blob/56c61… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/hatchet-dev/hatchet | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hatchet-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hatchet-dev | hatchet |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.110.5
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:hatchet:hatchet:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
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CVE-2026-108714 (GCVE-0-2026-108714)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 12:19 – Updated: 2026-10-14 13:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MCP Kotlin SDK through 0.15.0 Memory Exhaustion via Application.mcpWebSocket
Summary
MCP Kotlin SDK through 0.15.0 contains an uncontrolled memory allocation vulnerability that allows remote clients to exhaust server memory because Application.mcpWebSocket installs Ktor WebSockets without a maxFrameSize limit. Attackers can send small frame headers declaring payloads near 2 GiB over one or a few connections, forcing huge heap allocations and causing denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 13:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackmd.io/@haind/mcp-kotlin-sdk-websocket… | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin-sd… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin-sd… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/kotlin-sdk | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mcp-kotlin-s… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| modelcontextprotocol | kotlin-sdk |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.15.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
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CVE-2026-108395 (GCVE-0-2026-108395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 17:46 – Updated: 2026-10-14 19:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Model Context Protocol Java SDK HTTP server transports allow memory exhaustion through unbounded request bodies
Summary
The Model Context Protocol Java SDK is the official Java SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients. From version 0.8.0 through 0.12.0 in the io.modelcontextprotocol.sdk:mcp artifact, from 0.13.0 through 0.18.3 and 1.0.0 through 1.1.3 in io.modelcontextprotocol.sdk:mcp-core, and from mcp-core 2.0.0-M1 through 2.0.0, the Servlet-based SSE, Streamable HTTP, and Stateless server transports read an HTTP request body into memory without enforcing a maximum size. An unauthenticated remote client able to reach an affected transport can stream an arbitrarily large POST body, including with chunked transfer encoding, until the Java process exhausts its heap and becomes unavailable. Authentication, Origin or Host validation, or an upstream request-size limit can reject the request before the vulnerable read. The maintained mcp-core lines are fixed in versions 0.18.4, 1.1.4, and 2.0.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 19:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/java-sdk/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| modelcontextprotocol | io.modelcontextprotocol.sdk:mcp |
Affected:
>= 0.8.0, < 0.13.0
|
|
| modelcontextprotocol | io.modelcontextprotocol.sdk:mcp-core |
Affected:
>= 0.13.0, < 0.18.4
Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 1.1.4 Affected: >= 2.0.0-M1, < 2.0.1 |
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CVE-2026-107885 (GCVE-0-2026-107885)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 03:54 – Updated: 2026-10-09 20:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
OpenPrinting CUPS through 2.4.20 contains a resource-exhaustion vulnerability in the submission-timeout handling of cupsdCheckJobs(). The scheduler suppresses timeout processing for all pending jobs whenever any client connection has an in-flight Send-Document operation, without matching that connection to the job being examined. A client allowed to reach the IPP service can hold an incomplete HTTP request containing parsed Send-Document headers before operation authorization, preventing unrelated incomplete jobs from expiring. Where Create-Job submission is allowed, incomplete jobs can accumulate until MaxJobs is exhausted and further legitimate print submissions are rejected. The suppression ends when the held connection closes.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 20:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenPrinting | CUPS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.4.20
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:openprinting:cups:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-107843 (GCVE-0-2026-107843)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 19:21 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Contao: The registration module re-sends activation mails on any unauthenticated POST, with no throttle and no captcha check
Summary
Contao is an Open Source CMS. From version 4.1.0 until 5.3.50 and 5.7.12, ModuleRegistration::compile() enters its follow-up registration branch on any POST to a page containing the registration module without verifying FORM_SUBMIT or the preceding captcha result. resendActivationMail() can then invoke OptInToken::send() without rate limiting, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to cause repeated activation emails to be sent to an address with a pending registration and to determine whether that pending registration exists. The branch is reachable only when reg_activate is enabled and the target has an unconfirmed registration and opt-in token. This issue is fixed in versions 5.3.50 and 5.7.12.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:08 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/contao/contao/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/contao/contao/commit/2ea6117f9… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/contao/contao/releases/tag/5.3.50 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/contao/contao/releases/tag/5.7.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-107586 (GCVE-0-2026-107586)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 15:11 – Updated: 2026-10-08 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in hMailServer
Summary
Uncontrolled eviction in the browser session table of the REST API in Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.2.28 through 6.3.5 allows a remote authenticated user to end other users' sessions. The table of browser sessions, shared by every account, the server administrator and support sessions, dropped its least recently used session whenever it was full, whoever it belonged to, and placed no limit on how many sessions one account could hold. A user who repeatedly signs in with their own mailbox password can therefore keep the table full and sign out every webmail and administration session that is idle for more than a short time, for as long as they continue.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 19:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive Robot Ltd | hMailServer |
Affected:
6.2.28 , < 6.3.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-107585 (GCVE-0-2026-107585)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 15:11 – Updated: 2026-10-08 19:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in hMailServer
Summary
Uncontrolled eviction in the pending sign-in tables of the REST API in Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.3.4 and 6.3.5 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to make other users' OpenID Connect, SAML and passkey sign-ins fail. The routes that start a single sign-on and hand out a passkey sign-in challenge are reached without authentication and stored pending state in bounded tables that dropped their oldest entry when full, whoever had started it. An attacker who starts sign-ins a few times a second (about a hundred a second for passkeys) pushes every other user's pending sign-in out of the table before that user's browser returns, denying single sign-on and passkey sign-in for as long as the requests continue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 19:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive Robot Ltd | hMailServer |
Affected:
6.3.4 , < 6.3.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-107564 (GCVE-0-2026-107564)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 12:55 – Updated: 2026-10-16 14:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gocsaf/csaf: csaf_provider prone to uncontrolled resource consumption
Summary
An unauthenticated remote attacker may use an allocation of resources without limits or throttling weakness in the affected product to cause high CPU load leading to a denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 14:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gocsaf.github.io/.well-known/csaf/white/2… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gocsaf Development Community | csaf_provider |
Affected:
0.0.0 , ≤ 3.6.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:gocsaf:csaf_provider:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-107386 (GCVE-0-2026-107386)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 18:54 – Updated: 2026-10-09 15:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
amqp091-go: Pre-negotiation frame limit is not enforced to 4KB
Summary
amqp091-go is a Go AMQP 0.9.1 client. From 1.13.0 until 1.14.0, the frame-size mitigation from the prior allocation advisory can be bypassed before connection.tune completes because Connection.maxFrameSize uses zero for both the not-yet-negotiated and negotiated-unlimited states. A malicious or compromised AMQP peer can send a short body-frame header with a large declared payload length, causing ReadFrame and the body-frame parser to allocate attacker-selected memory before the payload is received or the frame's protocol state is rejected. The condition is reachable through public Open even when Config.FrameSize is set to the protocol minimum and can cause severe memory pressure, out-of-memory termination, or loss of the client process before authentication completes. This issue is fixed in version 1.14.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 20:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/pull/377 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/commit/672… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitmq | amqp091-go |
Affected:
>= 1.13.0, < 1.14.0
|
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Mitigation
Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation MIT-38.1
Architecture and Design
Implementation
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation MIT-47
Operation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Resource Limitation
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.