Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-665

Discouraged

Improper Initialization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.

432 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2349-9G3V-JXMJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01
VLAI
Details

A carefully crafted request body can cause a read to a random memory area which could cause the process to crash. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22719"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A carefully crafted request body can cause a read to a random memory area which could cause the process to crash. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier.",
  "id": "GHSA-2349-9g3v-jxmj",
  "modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:10Z",
  "published": "2022-03-15T00:01:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22719"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00033.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RGWILBORT67SHMSLYSQZG2NMXGCMPUZO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X73C35MMMZGBVPQQCH7LQZUMYZNQA5FO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z7H26WJ6TPKNWV3QKY4BHKUKQVUTZJTD"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-20"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220321-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213255"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213257"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/35"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/May/38"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/03/14/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-279V-Q4Q9-MX7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-14 21:31 – Updated: 2023-11-14 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Initialization in firmware for some Intel(R) Optane(TM) SSD products may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27306"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-14T19:15:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Initialization in firmware for some Intel(R) Optane(TM) SSD products may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-279v-q4q9-mx7j",
  "modified": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
  "published": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00758.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-27P8-83XV-74VF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:46
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA GPU Display Driver contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer handler where an incorrect initialization of internal objects can cause an infinite loop which may lead to a denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6267"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-22T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA GPU Display Driver contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer handler where an incorrect initialization of internal objects can cause an infinite loop which may lead to a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-27p8-83xv-74vf",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:46:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:46:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4544"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101025"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-285W-5Q64-GVJX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:40
VLAI
Details

A remote denial of service vulnerability in libvpx in Mediaserver could enable an attacker to use a specially crafted file to cause a device hang or reboot. This issue is rated as High severity due to the possibility of remote denial of service. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2. Android ID: A-34360591.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-0641"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-06-14T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A remote denial of service vulnerability in libvpx in Mediaserver could enable an attacker to use a specially crafted file to cause a device hang or reboot. This issue is rated as High severity due to the possibility of remote denial of service. Product: Android. Versions: 4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2. Android ID: A-34360591.",
  "id": "GHSA-285w-5q64-gvjx",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:40:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:40:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/libvpx/+/698796fc930baecf5c3fdebef17e73d5d9a58bcb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-06-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038623"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-28H6-QJ9X-44JV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details

Parallels Desktop Updater Improper Initialization Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target host system in order to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the Updater service. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of environment variables. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-18253.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27325"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Parallels Desktop Updater Improper Initialization Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target host system in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the Updater service. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of environment variables. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-18253.",
  "id": "GHSA-28h6-qj9x-44jv",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27325"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.parallels.com/125013"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-219"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-299R-J638-G338

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability within the firewall configuration of the Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Enterprise Module (APIC-EM) could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to gain privileged access to services only available on the internal network of the device. The vulnerability is due to an incorrect firewall rule on the device. The misconfiguration could allow traffic sent to the public interface of the device to be forwarded to the internal virtual network of the APIC-EM. An attacker that is logically adjacent to the network on which the public interface of the affected APIC-EM resides could leverage this behavior to gain access to services listening on the internal network with elevated privileges. This vulnerability affects appliances or virtual devices running Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Enterprise Module prior to version 1.5. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve89638.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-12262"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-11-02T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability within the firewall configuration of the Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Enterprise Module (APIC-EM) could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to gain privileged access to services only available on the internal network of the device. The vulnerability is due to an incorrect firewall rule on the device. The misconfiguration could allow traffic sent to the public interface of the device to be forwarded to the internal virtual network of the APIC-EM. An attacker that is logically adjacent to the network on which the public interface of the affected APIC-EM resides could leverage this behavior to gain access to services listening on the internal network with elevated privileges. This vulnerability affects appliances or virtual devices running Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Enterprise Module prior to version 1.5. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve89638.",
  "id": "GHSA-299r-j638-g338",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12262"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20171101-apicem"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101647"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039716"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-29PJ-CW86-X2FG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-28 00:00
VLAI
Details

A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to leak sensitive user information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to leak sensitive user information.",
  "id": "GHSA-29pj-cw86-x2fg",
  "modified": "2022-09-28T00:00:21Z",
  "published": "2022-09-25T00:00:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213340"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213342"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213343"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2C7M-5PJF-CF2M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:47
VLAI
Details

The graphics component in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and Windows Server 2016 allows an authenticated attacker to run arbitrary code in kernel mode via a specially crafted application, aka "Microsoft Graphics Component Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8576"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-06-29T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The graphics component in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, and Windows Server 2016 allows an authenticated attacker to run arbitrary code in kernel mode via a specially crafted application, aka \"Microsoft Graphics Component Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-2c7m-5pjf-cf2m",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:47:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:47:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8576"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8576"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99210"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2F2P-7XV6-FCG6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:30 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

Improper initialization in some firmware for some Intel(R) Active Management Technology (Intel(R) AMT), and some Intel(R) Standard Manageability may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20734"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:17:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper initialization in some firmware for some Intel(R) Active Management Technology (Intel(R) AMT), and some Intel(R) Standard Manageability may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
  "id": "GHSA-2f2p-7xv6-fcg6",
  "modified": "2026-08-11T18:30:52Z",
  "published": "2026-08-11T18:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20734"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01427.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FQR-MR3J-6WP8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 20:08 – Updated: 2026-06-15 20:08
VLAI
Summary
aiohttp: Host-Only Cookies Become Domain Cookies After CookieJar Persistence
Details

Summary

Host-only cookies that are saved with CookieJar.save() and then restored later with CookieJar.load() lose their host-only status.

Impact

Host-only cookies that have been loaded from disk may get sent to subdomains that previously should have been disallowed.


Patch: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/a329a7aacad5284f087af36103aff778746da0f2

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.14.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "aiohttp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.14.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54279"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-15T20:08:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nHost-only cookies that are saved with ``CookieJar.save()`` and then restored later with ``CookieJar.load()`` lose their host-only status.\n\n### Impact\n\nHost-only cookies that have been loaded from disk may get sent to subdomains that previously should have been disallowed.\n\n-----\n\nPatch: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/a329a7aacad5284f087af36103aff778746da0f2",
  "id": "GHSA-2fqr-mr3j-6wp8",
  "modified": "2026-06-15T20:08:51Z",
  "published": "2026-06-15T20:08:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advisories/GHSA-2fqr-mr3j-6wp8"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "aiohttp: Host-Only Cookies Become Domain Cookies After CookieJar Persistence"
}

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, in Java, if the programmer does not explicitly initialize a variable, then the code could produce a compile-time error (if the variable is local) or automatically initialize the variable to the default value for the variable's type. In Perl, if explicit initialization is not performed, then a default value of undef is assigned, which is interpreted as 0, false, or an equivalent value depending on the context in which the variable is accessed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify all variables and data stores that receive information from external sources, and apply input validation to make sure that they are only initialized to expected values.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly initialize all your variables and other data stores, either during declaration or just before the first usage.

Mitigation
Implementation

Pay close attention to complex conditionals that affect initialization, since some conditions might not perform the initialization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid race conditions (CWE-362) during initialization routines.

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

Run or compile your product with settings that generate warnings about uninitialized variables or data.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.