CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
updated Relationships
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updated Common_Consequences
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updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
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updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
updated Relationships
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updated Alternate_Terms
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updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RC8-VF7F-V3HX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-06 03:30 – Updated: 2026-09-06 03:30The MemberDash plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.5 via the 'id' parameter due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change the password of any WordPress user, including administrators, by supplying an arbitrary user ID during registration, and take over their account without any notification sent to the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-06T03:17:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The MemberDash plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.5 via the \u0027id\u0027 parameter due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change the password of any WordPress user, including administrators, by supplying an arbitrary user ID during registration, and take over their account without any notification sent to the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-2rc8-vf7f-v3hx",
"modified": "2026-09-06T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-09-06T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.memberdashwp.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/222e0f27-f269-4751-9544-1a6cb03ab3a7?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RCC-Q9CG-9V38
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-24 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-24 21:30Improper Authorization of Index Containing Sensitive Information in GitHub repository alfio-event/alf.io prior to 2.0-M4-2304.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-612",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-24T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Authorization of Index Containing Sensitive Information in GitHub repository alfio-event/alf.io prior to 2.0-M4-2304.",
"id": "GHSA-2rcc-q9cg-9v38",
"modified": "2023-04-24T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2023-04-24T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/alfio-event/alf.io/commit/c9a16ab93d42b2beb06d529b57890121f85be6ef"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/649badc8-c935-4a84-8aa8-d3269ac54377"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RFP-X828-47HV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 03:30 – Updated: 2026-05-21 03:30The Broadstreet plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.52.2 via the get_sponsored_meta AJAX action due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to disclose any private post metadata.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-21T02:16:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Broadstreet plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.52.2 via the get_sponsored_meta AJAX action due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to disclose any private post metadata.",
"id": "GHSA-2rfp-x828-47hv",
"modified": "2026-05-21T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Fbroadstreet/tags/1.52.2\u0026new_path=%2Fbroadstreet/tags/1.53.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/328ccf8f-797b-4b1a-b0f1-afd8e44f41e6?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RHX-Q7HX-F25R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-07 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-07 06:31Broken object-level access controls and the use of a deterministic pattern during random ID generation in MicroRealEstate allows attackers to access documents uploaded by landlords or tenants without authorization.
This issue affects MicroRealEstate: through 1.0.0-alpha3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57869"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-07T06:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Broken object-level access controls and the use of a deterministic pattern during random ID generation in MicroRealEstate allows attackers to access documents uploaded by landlords or tenants without authorization.\n\nThis issue affects MicroRealEstate: through 1.0.0-alpha3.",
"id": "GHSA-2rhx-q7hx-f25r",
"modified": "2026-07-07T06:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-07-07T06:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microrealestate/microrealestate"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.themissinglink.com.au/security-advisories/cve-2026-57869"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RR9-5P4C-W9R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-14 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-14 15:32The Cart Abandonment Recovery for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 2.1.4 does not verify ownership of the email address used to select an abandoned-cart record before deleting or overwriting it, allowing unauthenticated attackers who know a customer's email to destroy or tamper with that customer's stored abandoned-cart data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-96900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-14T07:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Cart Abandonment Recovery for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 2.1.4 does not verify ownership of the email address used to select an abandoned-cart record before deleting or overwriting it, allowing unauthenticated attackers who know a customer\u0027s email to destroy or tamper with that customer\u0027s stored abandoned-cart data.",
"id": "GHSA-2rr9-5p4c-w9r4",
"modified": "2026-10-14T15:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-10-14T09:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-96900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/67918de2-afc0-468d-8a66-290dc60fe8ec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RWG-3HX2-Q599
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-21 09:30The Return Refund and Exchange For WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.5 via the 'wps_rma_cancel_return_request' AJAX endpoint due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete other users refund requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T08:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Return Refund and Exchange For WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.5 via the \u0027wps_rma_cancel_return_request\u0027 AJAX endpoint due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete other users refund requests.",
"id": "GHSA-2rwg-3hx2-q599",
"modified": "2025-11-21T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3394215%40woo-refund-and-exchange-lite\u0026new=3394215%40woo-refund-and-exchange-lite\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/126e2b92-322e-440c-a924-1b604330f164?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RWG-7JF4-Q7MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:32Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in GravityView <= 3.0.0 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-26T15:16:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in GravityView \u003c= 3.0.0 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-2rwg-7jf4-q7mq",
"modified": "2026-06-26T15:32:18Z",
"published": "2026-06-26T15:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gravityview/vulnerability/wordpress-gravityview-plugin-3-0-0-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RX6-45H4-GF4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 15:36 – Updated: 2026-09-04 15:36Blinko 1.8.7 contains an authorization bypass (IDOR) vulnerability in multiple tRPC procedures (message.list, message.update, message.delete, message.clearAfter in server/routerTrpc/message.ts and conversation.clearMessages in server/routerTrpc/conversation.ts). Although these procedures require authentication, they query the database by caller-supplied conversation or message ID without verifying that the resource belongs to the requesting account. Any authenticated user can therefore read another user's full AI chat history, modify individual message content, and delete or wipe entire conversations by enumerating sequential integer IDs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-85607"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-04T15:17:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Blinko 1.8.7 contains an authorization bypass (IDOR) vulnerability in multiple tRPC procedures (message.list, message.update, message.delete, message.clearAfter in server/routerTrpc/message.ts and conversation.clearMessages in server/routerTrpc/conversation.ts). Although these procedures require authentication, they query the database by caller-supplied conversation or message ID without verifying that the resource belongs to the requesting account. Any authenticated user can therefore read another user\u0027s full AI chat history, modify individual message content, and delete or wipe entire conversations by enumerating sequential integer IDs.",
"id": "GHSA-2rx6-45h4-gf4q",
"modified": "2026-09-04T15:36:13Z",
"published": "2026-09-04T15:36:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blinkospace/blinko/issues/1218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blinkospace/blinko"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blinkospace/blinko/blob/1.8.8/server/routerTrpc/conversation.ts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blinkospace/blinko/blob/1.8.8/server/routerTrpc/message.ts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/blinko-1.8.7-cross-user-ai-conversation-read-and-write-via-message-trpc-router"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V4R-2649-G36P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:32ProPhoenix Law RMS v2022.2403.3.101 was discovered to contain an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) via the usrLogin$hdnPFID parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to access sensitive information via a crafted HTTP request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T16:17:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ProPhoenix Law RMS v2022.2403.3.101 was discovered to contain an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) via the usrLogin$hdnPFID parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to access sensitive information via a crafted HTTP request.",
"id": "GHSA-2v4r-2649-g36p",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:32:26Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T18:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://prophoenix.com/law-rms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sedriclouissaint.com/blog/prophoenix-law-rms-authentication-bypass-cve-2024-34323/#cve-details"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2V78-25VX-VFRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-16 18:30Pega Platform versions 8.7.5 to Infinity 24.2.2 are affected by a Insecure Direct Object Reference issue in a user interface component that can only be used to read data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9559"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T16:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Pega Platform versions 8.7.5 to Infinity 24.2.2 are affected by a Insecure Direct Object Reference issue in a user interface component that can only be used to read data.",
"id": "GHSA-2v78-25vx-vfrh",
"modified": "2025-10-16T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-10-16T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.pega.com/support-doc/pega-security-advisory-h25-vulnerability-remediation-note"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.