CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
updated Relationships
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updated Common_Consequences
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updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
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updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
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updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2VFR-CH7V-7754
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:31In Meari IoT Cloud MQTT Broker deployments running EMQX 4.x, any authenticated low-privilege account can subscribe to global wildcard topics and receive telemetry from devices the user does not own. The broker enforces publish restrictions but does not enforce equivalent subscribe authorization at per-device scope.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T17:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Meari IoT Cloud MQTT Broker deployments running EMQX 4.x, any authenticated low-privilege account can subscribe to global wildcard topics and receive telemetry from devices the user does not own. The broker enforces publish restrictions but does not enforce equivalent subscribe authorization at per-device scope.",
"id": "GHSA-2vfr-ch7v-7754",
"modified": "2026-05-11T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T18:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xn0tsa/nobody-puts-baby-in-a-corner"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.runzero.com/advisories/meari-mqtt-broker-missing-per-device-subscribe-acl-cve-2026-33356"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W2Q-QP7M-7WRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32An IDOR vulnerability in danswer-ai/danswer v0.3.94 allows an attacker to view any files. The application does not verify whether the attacker is the creator of the file, allowing the attacker to directly call the GET /api/chat/file/{file_id} interface to view any user's file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9617"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An IDOR vulnerability in danswer-ai/danswer v0.3.94 allows an attacker to view any files. The application does not verify whether the attacker is the creator of the file, allowing the attacker to directly call the GET /api/chat/file/{file_id} interface to view any user\u0027s file.",
"id": "GHSA-2w2q-qp7m-7wrh",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:51Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/8f683ff6-3a99-41c6-b763-a8f7b73bd146"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W3F-X9P7-9W42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-09 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:41The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf_payment_status' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about the payment status of arbitrary form submissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-09T06:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the \u0027mf_payment_status\u0027 shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about the payment status of arbitrary form submissions.",
"id": "GHSA-2w3f-x9p7-9w42",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:41:09Z",
"published": "2023-06-09T06:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/metform/trunk/base/shortcode.php?rev=2845078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2910040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ddd85ff2-6607-4ac8-b91c-88f6f2fa6c56?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W44-G53G-CCJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:33 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:33Stonewuu ai-fusion-video through 1.2.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated users to read other users' generation results by supplying arbitrary task ids. Attackers can enumerate auto-increment task ids on the image and video /items endpoints to obtain other users' generated images, videos, and output metadata.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-110213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:18:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Stonewuu ai-fusion-video through 1.2.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated users to read other users\u0027 generation results by supplying arbitrary task ids. Attackers can enumerate auto-increment task ids on the image and video /items endpoints to obtain other users\u0027 generated images, videos, and output metadata.",
"id": "GHSA-2w44-g53g-ccjh",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:33:37Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Stonewuu/ai-fusion-video/blob/v1.2.0/ai-fusion-video/src/main/java/com/stonewu/fusion/controller/generation/ImageGenerationController.java#L50-L54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Stonewuu/ai-fusion-video/blob/v1.2.0/ai-fusion-video/src/main/java/com/stonewu/fusion/controller/generation/VideoGenerationController.java#L49-L53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@1ExmmukzRMWN7B4gQ4W-4Q/ai-fusion-video-broken-access-control-and-upload-path-traversal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ai-fusion-video-through-1.2.0-insecure-direct-object-reference-in-generation-task-item-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W5H-CXQX-M45H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-20 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in dFactory Download Attachments allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Download Attachments: from n/a through 1.3.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49995"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-20T15:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in dFactory Download Attachments allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Download Attachments: from n/a through 1.3.1.",
"id": "GHSA-2w5h-cxqx-m45h",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:32Z",
"published": "2025-06-20T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/download-attachments/vulnerability/wordpress-download-attachments-plugin-1-3-1-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2W6P-J7XQ-6P7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-02 03:31 – Updated: 2026-11-06 12:30A flaw was found in the first-broker-login flow of the Keycloak identity management service. When a user links a social identity provider account to their local account, the verification proof generated is not strictly bound to the specific upstream identity being verified. This allows an attacker with a different account on the same social provider to intercept the process and link their own account to the victim's local profile, gaining unauthorized access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-82968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-02T02:17:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the first-broker-login flow of the Keycloak identity management service. When a user links a social identity provider account to their local account, the verification proof generated is not strictly bound to the specific upstream identity being verified. This allows an attacker with a different account on the same social provider to intercept the process and link their own account to the victim\u0027s local profile, gaining unauthorized access.",
"id": "GHSA-2w6p-j7xq-6p7v",
"modified": "2026-11-06T12:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-09-02T03:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-82968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-82968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2526318"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WHX-WF37-6C2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-12 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-12 18:31QloApps through 1.7.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability in back-office AJAX handlers of AdminOrdersController, AdminBookingDocumentController, AdminProductsController and AdminAddHotelController that skip htl_access hotel checks. Hotel-restricted employees can supply other hotels' sequential identifiers to read, upload and delete booking documents and delete rooms, room images and hotel images.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-109393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-12T16:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "QloApps through 1.7.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability in back-office AJAX handlers of AdminOrdersController, AdminBookingDocumentController, AdminProductsController and AdminAddHotelController that skip htl_access hotel checks. Hotel-restricted employees can supply other hotels\u0027 sequential identifiers to read, upload and delete booking documents and delete rooms, room images and hotel images.",
"id": "GHSA-2whx-wf37-6c2h",
"modified": "2026-10-12T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-10-12T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/83eb851cf106b51a4478f84a6d1658d7c8076258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/controllers/admin/AdminOrdersController.php#L3799-L3877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/ry_M5yqoGe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-through-1.7.0-insecure-direct-object-reference-in-back-office-ajax-handlers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WM8-6HJ5-FWMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-27 15:33 – Updated: 2026-10-27 15:33Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in Netiket Information Technologies EdoWEB allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.
This issue affects EdoWEB: before 780-g7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-27T14:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in Netiket Information Technologies EdoWEB allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.\n\nThis issue affects EdoWEB: before 780-g7.",
"id": "GHSA-2wm8-6hj5-fwmq",
"modified": "2026-10-27T15:33:05Z",
"published": "2026-10-27T15:33:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-1409"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2WM9-HF6C-P5CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-24 19:57A lack of authorization validation in version 0.4.17 or later of the ChromaDB Python project allows any authenticated users to arbitrarily read, write, update, or delete data in any tenant's collection regardless of which tenant they belong to.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "chromadb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.4.17"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.5.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-266",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-24T19:57:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T16:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A lack of authorization validation in version 0.4.17 or later of the ChromaDB Python project allows any authenticated users to arbitrarily read, write, update, or delete data in any tenant\u0027s collection regardless of which tenant they belong to.",
"id": "GHSA-2wm9-hf6c-p5cr",
"modified": "2026-08-24T19:57:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T18:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma/issues/7588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma/pull/7602"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-45830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2488408"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45830.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hiddenlayer.com/sai-security-advisory/2026-06-chromadb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ChromaDB allows any authenticated users to arbitrarily read, write, update, or delete data in any tenant\u0027s collection"
}
GHSA-2WP6-4GXM-VFVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 15:32The User Registration & Membership WordPress plugin before 5.2.3 does not perform a capability check for unauthenticated callers on one of its membership payment actions and acts on a caller-supplied user identifier, allowing unauthenticated attackers to delete recently-registered, payment-pending user accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11966"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T07:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The User Registration \u0026 Membership WordPress plugin before 5.2.3 does not perform a capability check for unauthenticated callers on one of its membership payment actions and acts on a caller-supplied user identifier, allowing unauthenticated attackers to delete recently-registered, payment-pending user accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-2wp6-4gxm-vfvx",
"modified": "2026-07-17T15:32:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T09:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11966"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/8e3be064-b3b7-4d68-960b-8c850c3e6f77"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.