Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5713 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-8789 (GCVE-0-2025-8789)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-10 02:02 – Updated: 2025-08-13 14:21
VLAI
Title
Portabilis i-Educar API Endpoint Diario authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.9.0. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file /module/Api/Diario of the component API Endpoint. The manipulation leads to authorization bypass. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-13 14:21 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3841 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Portabilis i-Educar Affected: 2.0
Affected: 2.1
Affected: 2.2
Affected: 2.3
Affected: 2.4
Affected: 2.5
Affected: 2.6
Affected: 2.7
Affected: 2.8
Affected: 2.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Natan Morette (CVE-Hunters) nmmorette (VulDB User) nmmorette (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8770 (GCVE-0-2025-8770)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 17:26 – Updated: 2025-08-13 20:05
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 18.0 prior to 18.0.6, 18.1 prior to 18.1.4, and 18.2 prior to 18.2.2 that could have allowed authenticated users with specific access to bypass merge request approval policies by manipulating approval rule identifiers.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-13 20:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitLab CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 304 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/549105 issue-trackingpermissions-required
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitLab GitLab Affected: 18.0 , < 18.0.6 (semver)
Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1.4 (semver)
Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
This vulnerability has been discovered internally by GitLab team member [Dominic Bauer](https://gitlab.com/bauerdominic).
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8755 (GCVE-0-2025-8755)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-09 14:02 – Updated: 2025-08-12 16:05
VLAI
Title
macrozheng mall com.macro.mall.portal.controller UmsMemberController.java detail authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in macrozheng mall up to 1.0.3 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function detail of the file UmsMemberController.java of the component com.macro.mall.portal.controller. The manipulation of the argument orderId leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:W/RC:R
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:W/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-12 15:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3841 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.319253 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319253 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.624046 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/N1n3b9S/cve/issues/14 issue-tracking
https://github.com/N1n3b9S/cve/issues/14#issue-32… exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
macrozheng mall Affected: 1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1
Affected: 1.0.2
Affected: 1.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8532 (GCVE-0-2025-8532)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 14:12 – Updated: 2026-06-05 11:32
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Bimser's eBA Document and Workflow Management System
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Improper Authorization vulnerability in Bimser Solution Software Trade Inc. EBA Document and Workflow Management System allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects eBA Document and Workflow Management System: from 6.7.164 before 6.7.166.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-19 14:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-19 14:11
Credits
Aysun EYİZ
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8463 (GCVE-0-2025-8463)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 12:47 – Updated: 2026-06-05 11:33
VLAI
Title
IDOR in SecHard Information Technologies' SecHard
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in SecHard Information Technologies SecHard allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects SecHard: before 3.6.2-20250805.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-17 13:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SecHard Information Technologies SecHard Affected: 0 , < 3.6.2-20250805 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Aysun Eyiz BG-TEK Information Security Technologies
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8447 (GCVE-0-2025-8447)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-26 01:42 – Updated: 2025-08-26 18:34
VLAI
Title
Incorrect authorization vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed read-only access
Summary
An improper access control vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed users with access to any repository to retrieve limited code content from another repository by creating a diff between the repositories. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needed to know the name of a private repository along with its branches, tags, or commit SHAs that they could use to trigger compare/diff functionality and retrieve limited code without proper authorization. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.18, and was fixed in versions 3.14.17, 3.15.12, 3.16.8 and 3.17.5. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-26 18:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_P CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 22 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitHub Enterprise Server Affected: 3.14 , ≤ 3.14.16 (semver)
Affected: 3.15 , ≤ 3.15.11 (semver)
Affected: 3.16 , ≤ 3.16.7 (semver)
Affected: 3.17 , ≤ 3.17.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
furbreeze
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8057 (GCVE-0-2025-8057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 14:02 – Updated: 2026-06-05 11:43
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Patika Global Technologies' HumanSuite
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere, Improper Authorization vulnerability in Patika Global Technologies HumanSuite allows Exploiting Trust in Client. This issue affects HumanSuite: before 53.21.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-16 14:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-610 - Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere
  • CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Patika Global Technologies HumanSuite Affected: 0 , < 53.21.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Berkan Er
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7938 (GCVE-0-2025-7938)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 20:02 – Updated: 2025-07-22 16:04
VLAI
Title
jerryshensjf JPACookieShop 蛋糕商城JPA版 GoodsController.java updateGoods authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was found in jerryshensjf JPACookieShop 蛋糕商城JPA版 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function updateGoods of the file GoodsController.java. The manipulation leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-22 16:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3841 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.317075 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.317075 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.618985 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Bemcliu/cve-reports/blob/main/… exploit
Impacted products
Credits
HJAQiang (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7900 (GCVE-0-2025-7900)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-22 10:21 – Updated: 2025-07-22 14:17
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in extension "femanager" (femanager)
Summary
The femanager extension for TYPO3 allows Insecure Direct Object Reference resulting in unauthorized modification of userdata. This issue affects femanager version 6.4.1 and below, 7.0.0 to 7.5.2 and 8.0.0 to 8.3.0
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-22 14:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TYPO3 CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 74 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TYPO3 Extension "femanager" Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.3.0 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.5.2 (semver)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.4.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 08:00
Credits
Alexander Freundlieb
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7899 (GCVE-0-2025-7899)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-22 10:18 – Updated: 2025-07-22 14:18
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in extension "powermail" (powermail)
Summary
The powermail extension for TYPO3 allows Insecure Direct Object Reference resulting in download of arbitrary files from the webserver. This issue affects powermail version 12.0.0 up to 12.5.2 and version 13.0.0
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-22 14:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TYPO3 CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 74 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TYPO3 Extension "powermail" Affected: 12.0.0 , ≤ 12.5.2 (semver)
Affected: 13.0.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 08:00
Credits
Riny van Tiggelen
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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