Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5668 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-43724 (GCVE-0-2025-43724)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-08 14:45 – Updated: 2025-10-08 15:19
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions prior to 9.12.0.0, contains an authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to NFSv4 or SMB shares.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-08 15:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
dell CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 522 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell PowerScale OneFS Affected: N/A , < 9.12.0.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-10-01 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-42605 (GCVE-0-2025-42605)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-23 10:51 – Updated: 2025-04-23 14:26
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control Vulnerability in Meon Bidding Solutions
Summary
This vulnerability exists in Meon Bidding Solutions due to improper authorization controls on certain API endpoints for the initiation, modification, or cancellation operations. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating parameter in the API request body to gain unauthorized access to other user accounts. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow remote attacker to perform authorized manipulation of data associated with other user accounts.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-23 14:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CERT-In CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
This vulnerability is reported by Mohit Gadiya.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41358 (GCVE-0-2025-41358)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-10 11:16 – Updated: 2025-12-10 16:40
VLAI
Title
Direct reference to insecure objects (IDOR) in CronosWeb from CronosWeb i2A
Summary
Direct Object Reference Vulnerability (IDOR) in i2A's CronosWeb, in versions prior to 25.00.00.12, inclusive. This vulnerability could allow an authenticated attacker to access other users' documents by manipulating the ‘documentCode’ parameter in '/CronosWeb/Modulos/Personas/DocumentosPersonales/AdjuntarDocumentosPersonas'.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 16:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CronosWeb i2A CronosWeb Affected: 25.00 and 24.05.
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Félix Sánchez Medina
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41099 (GCVE-0-2025-41099)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:17 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:24
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to the list of permissions using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41098 (GCVE-0-2025-41098)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:18 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:23
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a  misuse of the general enquiry web service.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41097 (GCVE-0-2025-41097)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:16 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:24
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to basic employee details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41096 (GCVE-0-2025-41096)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:16 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:24
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to the dates of the current contract details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41095 (GCVE-0-2025-41095)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:15 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:25
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to planning counter details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41094 (GCVE-0-2025-41094)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:14 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:24
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to functional contract details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41093 (GCVE-0-2025-41093)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:13 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:22
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to basic contract details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ángel González
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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