Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003

ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340

Modes of introduction

Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history

Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8

Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5710 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-58597 (GCVE-0-2025-58597)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 14:36 – Updated: 2026-05-12 00:39

Title

WordPress wpForo Forum Plugin <= 2.4.6 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) Vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Tomdever wpForo Forum wpforo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects wpForo Forum: from n/a through <= 2.4.6.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-03 17:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Tomdever	wpForo Forum	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.6 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:43

Credits

Muhammad Zidan Ali Mansur | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-58402 (GCVE-0-2025-58402)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-02 11:16 – Updated: 2026-03-02 12:39

Title

Insecure Direct Object Reference Message ID

Summary

The CGM CLININET application uses direct, sequential object identifiers "MessageID" without proper authorization checks. By modifying the parameter in the GET request, an attacker can access messages and attachments belonging to other users.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-03-02 12:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

CERT-PL CNA under the ENISA root

CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 258 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/03/CVE-2025-10350/	third-party-advisory
https://www.cgm.com/pol_pl/products/szpital/cgm-c…	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
CGM	CGM CLININET	Affected: 0 , < 2025.MS4 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-58137 (GCVE-0-2025-58137)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 09:21 – Updated: 2025-12-12 19:35

Title

Apache Fineract: IDOR via self-service API

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Apache Fineract. This issue affects Apache Fineract: through 1.11.0. The issue is fixed in version 1.12.1. Users are encouraged to upgrade to version 1.13.0, the latest release.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-12 19:34 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

apache CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 1197 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread/gz3zhoghlclch3rdn…	vendor-advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/11/7

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Apache Software Foundation	Apache Fineract	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.11.0 (semver) Unaffected: 1.12.1 (semver)

Credits

Peter Chen Ádám Sághy Aleksandar Vidakovic Víctor Romero

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-58055 (GCVE-0-2025-58055)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-01 18:48 – Updated: 2025-10-23 13:20

Title

Discourse AI Suggestions Contain Insecure Direct Object Reference

Summary

Discourse is an open-source community discussion platform. In versions 3.5.0 and below, the Discourse AI suggestion endpoints for topic “Title”, “Category”, and “Tags” allowed authenticated users to extract information about topics that they weren’t authorized to access. By modifying the “topic_id” value in API requests to the AI suggestion endpoints, users could target specific restricted topics. The AI model’s responses then disclosed information that the authenticated user couldn’t normally access. This issue is fixed in version 3.5.1. To workaround this issue, users can restrict group access to the AI helper feature through the "composer_ai_helper_allowed_groups" and "post_ai_helper_allowed_groups" site settings.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-10-01 18:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7895 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/28d…	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-5…
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-5…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
discourse	discourse	Affected: < 3.5.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-58012 (GCVE-0-2025-58012)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-22 18:24 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:13

Title

WordPress Content Mask plugin <= 1.8.5.3 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Alex Content Mask content-mask allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Content Mask: from n/a through <= 1.8.5.3.

Severity

3.8 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-23 15:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Alex	Content Mask	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.8.5.3 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:42

Credits

Nabil Irawan | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-57994 (GCVE-0-2025-57994)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-22 18:24 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:13

Title

WordPress Upcoming Events Lists Plugin <= 1.4.0 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) Vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Sayful Islam Upcoming Events Lists upcoming-events-lists allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Upcoming Events Lists: from n/a through <= 1.4.0.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-23 15:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Sayful Islam	Upcoming Events Lists	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.4.0 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:42

Credits

Nabil Irawan | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-57886 (GCVE-0-2025-57886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-22 11:59 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:13

Title

WordPress Accessibility Checker by Equalize Digital Plugin <= 1.30.0 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) Vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Equalize Digital Accessibility Checker by Equalize Digital accessibility-checker allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Accessibility Checker by Equalize Digital: from n/a through <= 1.30.0.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-22 13:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Equalize Digital	Accessibility Checker by Equalize Digital	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.30.0 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:42

Credits

n0_arafat_n0 | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-55737 (GCVE-0-2025-55737)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 19:06 – Updated: 2025-08-19 19:27

Title

flaskBlog arbitrary comment delete

Summary

flaskBlog is a blog app built with Flask. In 2.8.0 and earlier, when deleting a comment, there's no validation of the ownership of the comment. Every user can delete an arbitrary comment of another user on every post, by simply intercepting the delete request and changing the commentID. The code that causes the problem is in routes/post.py.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-19 19:26 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7895 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/DogukanUrker/FlaskBlog/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
DogukanUrker	FlaskBlog	Affected: <= 2.8.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-54691 (GCVE-0-2025-54691)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 10:34 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:13

Title

WordPress Motors Plugin plugin <= 1.4.80 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) Vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Stylemix Motors motors-car-dealership-classified-listings allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Motors: from n/a through <= 1.4.80.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-14 17:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Stylemix	Motors	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.4.80 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:42

Credits

Bao - BlueRock | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-53640 (GCVE-0-2025-53640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-14 20:14 – Updated: 2025-07-22 15:29

Title

Indico vulnerable to user enumeration via API endpoint

Summary

Indico is an event management system that uses Flask-Multipass, a multi-backend authentication system for Flask. Starting in version 2.2 and prior to version 3.3.7, an endpoint used to display details of users listed in certain fields (such as ACLs) could be misused to dump basic user details (such as name, affiliation and email) in bulk. Version 3.3.7 fixes the issue. Owners of instances that allow everyone to create a user account, who wish to truly restrict access to these user details, should consider restricting user search to managers. As a workaround, it is possible to restrict access to the affected endpoints (e.g. in the webserver config), but doing so would break certain form fields which could no longer show the details of the users listed in those fields, so upgrading instead is highly recommended.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-07-15 15:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
CWE-862 - Missing Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7895 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/indico/indico/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://docs.getindico.io/en/stable/config/settin…	x_refsource_MISC
https://docs.getindico.io/en/stable/installation/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/indico/indico/releases/tag/v3.3.7	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve2025536…
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve2025536…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
indico	indico	Affected: >= 2.2, < 3.3.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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