CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3VHM-Q4W3-RW8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-20 14:22 – Updated: 2024-05-20 14:22OroPlatform is prone to open redirection which could allow attackers to redirect users to external website.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "oro/platform"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-20T14:22:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OroPlatform is prone to open redirection which could allow attackers to redirect users to external website.",
"id": "GHSA-3vhm-q4w3-rw8q",
"modified": "2024-05-20T14:22:10Z",
"published": "2024-05-20T14:22:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oroinc/platform/commit/baf79ad4f6b32bd2834b1766745afb20a5ef4739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/oro/platform/2015-07-08.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/oroinc/platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oroinc.com/orocrm/blog/orocrm-security-announcement"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OroPlatform Forced Redirect to External Website"
}
GHSA-3VM9-V98F-4RRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31An issue in Outline <= v0.76.1 allows attackers to redirect a victim user to a malicious site via intercepting and changing the state cookie.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T20:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Outline \u003c= v0.76.1 allows attackers to redirect a victim user to a malicious site via intercepting and changing the state cookie.",
"id": "GHSA-3vm9-v98f-4rrp",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:54Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sysentr0py/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2024-37830"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W26-G558-6Q3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 06:32 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:47The Contact Form 7 WordPress plugin before 5.9.5 has an open redirect that allows an attacker to utilize a false URL and redirect to the URL of their choosing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T06:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Contact Form 7 WordPress plugin before 5.9.5 has an open redirect that allows an attacker to utilize a false URL and redirect to the URL of their choosing.",
"id": "GHSA-3w26-g558-6q3x",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:47:04Z",
"published": "2024-06-27T06:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/8bdcdb5a-9026-4157-8592-345df8fb1a17"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WCJ-RG8Q-9CQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:47 – Updated: 2022-07-08 19:21ASP.NET Core 2.0 allows an attacker to steal log-in session information such as cookies or authentication tokens via a specially crafted URL aka "ASP.NET Core Elevation Of Privilege Vulnerability".
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.All"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.0.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11879"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-08T19:21:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-15T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ASP.NET Core 2.0 allows an attacker to steal log-in session information such as cookies or authentication tokens via a specially crafted URL aka \"ASP.NET Core Elevation Of Privilege Vulnerability\".",
"id": "GHSA-3wcj-rg8q-9cqv",
"modified": "2022-07-08T19:21:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:47:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aspnet/Announcements/issues/277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/issues/302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11879"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in ASP.NET Core"
}
GHSA-3WM8-PH73-R7Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Jeff Starr User Submitted Posts user-submitted-posts allows Phishing.This issue affects User Submitted Posts: from n/a through <= 20251121.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68509"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T13:16:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Jeff Starr User Submitted Posts user-submitted-posts allows Phishing.This issue affects User Submitted Posts: from n/a through \u003c= 20251121.",
"id": "GHSA-3wm8-ph73-r7q9",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:33Z",
"published": "2025-12-24T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/user-submitted-posts/vulnerability/wordpress-user-submitted-posts-plugin-20251121-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/user-submitted-posts/vulnerability/wordpress-user-submitted-posts-plugin-20251121-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WQV-4HQ2-7GCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Salesforce allows Phishing. This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Salesforce: from n/a through 1.4.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-06T13:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Salesforce allows Phishing. This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Salesforce: from n/a through 1.4.7.",
"id": "GHSA-3wqv-4hq2-7gcp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:20Z",
"published": "2025-06-06T15:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gf-salesforce-crmperks/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-salesforce-1-4-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WRJ-CC82-VWX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-11 03:31Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha3, 2.4.8-p3, 2.4.7-p8, 2.4.6-p13, 2.4.5-p15, 2.4.4-p16 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T03:15:54Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha3, 2.4.8-p3, 2.4.7-p8, 2.4.6-p13, 2.4.5-p15, 2.4.4-p16 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-3wrj-cc82-vwx4",
"modified": "2026-03-11T03:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T03:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb26-05.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XGQ-MGC9-7WQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:30Using a redirect embedded into sourceMappingUrls could allow for navigation to external protocol links in sandboxed iframes without allow-top-navigation-to-custom-protocols. This vulnerability affects Firefox for Android < 112, Firefox < 112, and Focus for Android < 112.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Using a redirect embedded into \u003ccode\u003esourceMappingUrls\u003c/code\u003e could allow for navigation to external protocol links in sandboxed iframes without \u003ccode\u003eallow-top-navigation-to-custom-protocols\u003c/code\u003e. This vulnerability affects Firefox for Android \u003c 112, Firefox \u003c 112, and Focus for Android \u003c 112.",
"id": "GHSA-3xgq-mgc9-7wqx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:30:42Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1790542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XVP-FCXR-3MVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:42A spoofing vulnerability exists in Visual Studio Live Share when a guest connected to a Live Share session is redirected to an arbitrary URL specified by the session host, aka 'Visual Studio Live Share Spoofing Vulnerability'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1486"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-10T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A spoofing vulnerability exists in Visual Studio Live Share when a guest connected to a Live Share session is redirected to an arbitrary URL specified by the session host, aka \u0027Visual Studio Live Share Spoofing Vulnerability\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-3xvp-fcxr-3mvq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:42:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:03:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-1486"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4298-89HC-6RFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-09 20:44 – Updated: 2024-09-20 17:59This affects all versions of package Flask-User. When using the make_safe_url function, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple backslashes such as /////evil.com/path or \\\evil.com/path. This vulnerability is only exploitable if an alternative WSGI server other than Werkzeug is used, or the default behaviour of Werkzeug is modified using autocorrect_location_header=False.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Flask-User"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-06T15:45:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package Flask-User. When using the `make_safe_url` function, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple backslashes such as `/////evil.com/path` or `\\\\\\evil.com/path`. This vulnerability is only exploitable if an alternative WSGI server other than Werkzeug is used, or the default behaviour of Werkzeug is modified using `autocorrect_location_header=False`.",
"id": "GHSA-4298-89hc-6rfv",
"modified": "2024-09-20T17:59:20Z",
"published": "2021-08-09T20:44:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23401"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4298-89hc-6rfv"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lingthio/Flask-User"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lingthio/Flask-User/blob/master/flask_user/user_manager__utils.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/flask-user/PYSEC-2021-337.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-FLASKUSER-1293188"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Flask-User"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.