CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2F33-G4WJ-FFHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-28 00:00Automated Logic's WebCtrl Server Version 6.1 'Help' index pages are vulnerable to open redirection. The vulnerability allows an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL which could result in redirecting the user to a malicious webpage or downloading a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Automated Logic\u0027s WebCtrl Server Version 6.1 \u0027Help\u0027 index pages are vulnerable to open redirection. The vulnerability allows an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL which could result in redirecting the user to a malicious webpage or downloading a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-2f33-g4wj-ffhq",
"modified": "2022-04-28T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.corporate.carrier.com/Images/CARR-PSA-ALC-WebCTRL-001-1121_tcm558-149395.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FC8-WJ99-H595
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:15Open Redirect vulnerability exists in VMware vRealize Log Insight prior to 8.1.0 due to improper Input validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability exists in VMware vRealize Log Insight prior to 8.1.0 due to improper Input validation.",
"id": "GHSA-2fc8-wj99-h595",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2FHV-PXMP-GPWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-21 06:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 15:31On most desktop platforms, Brave Browser versions 1.70.x-1.73.x included a feature to show a site's origin on the OS-provided file selector dialog when a site prompts the user to upload or download a file. However the origin was not correctly inferred in some cases. When combined with an open redirector vulnerability on a trusted site, this could allow a malicious site to initiate a download whose origin in the file select dialog appears as the trusted site which initiated the redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T05:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On most desktop platforms, Brave Browser versions 1.70.x-1.73.x included a feature to show a site\u0027s origin on the OS-provided file selector dialog when a site prompts the user to upload or download a file. However the origin was not correctly inferred in some cases. When combined with an open redirector vulnerability on a trusted site, this could allow a malicious site to initiate a download whose origin in the file select dialog appears as the trusted site which initiated the redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-2fhv-pxmp-gpwh",
"modified": "2025-01-21T15:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-01-21T06:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2888770"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FM4-33W4-X4FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:18CrushFTP before 7.8.0 and 8.x before 8.2.0 has a redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-30T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CrushFTP before 7.8.0 and 8.x before 8.2.0 has a redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-2fm4-33w4-x4fw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:18:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:18:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crushftp.com/version7.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crushftp.com/version8.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FP5-7G39-82F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page, aka an Open Redirect. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a specific malicious URL. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve37646.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0097"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-18T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page, aka an Open Redirect. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a specific malicious URL. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve37646.",
"id": "GHSA-2fp5-7g39-82f7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180117-prime-infrastructure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040243"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FPH-F2F6-CPGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:19Safari in Apple iOS before 9.3.3 allows remote attackers to spoof the displayed URL via an HTTP response specifying redirection to an invalid TCP port number.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-07-22T02:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Safari in Apple iOS before 9.3.3 allows remote attackers to spoof the displayed URL via an HTTP response specifying redirection to an invalid TCP port number.",
"id": "GHSA-2fph-f2f6-cpgm",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:19:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:19:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036344"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FR2-X46R-5XJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-19 03:30 – Updated: 2022-12-22 21:30Open redirect vulnerability in DENSHI NYUSATSU CORE SYSTEM v6 R4 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect a user to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-19T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in DENSHI NYUSATSU CORE SYSTEM v6 R4 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect a user to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-2fr2-x46r-5xjg",
"modified": "2022-12-22T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-12-19T03:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN96321933/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cals.jacic.or.jp/coreconso/pdf/coreconsoinfo20221215.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FX5-PGGV-6JJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 15:24 – Updated: 2025-01-15 15:26Problem
Applications that use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\Uri to parse externally provided URLs (e.g., via a query parameter) and validate the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to open redirect or SSRF attacks if the URL is used after passing the validation checks.
Solution
Update to TYPO3 versions 9.5.49 ELTS, 10.4.48 ELTS, 11.5.42 ELTS, 12.4.25 LTS, 13.4.3 LTS that fix the problem described.
Credits
Thanks to Sam Mush and Christian Eßl who reported this issue and to TYPO3 core & security team member Benjamin Franzke who fixed the issue.
References
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.5.48"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.49"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.4.47"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.4.48"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.5.41"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.5.42"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.4.24"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.4.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 13.4.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "13.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-14T15:24:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T20:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Problem\nApplications that use `TYPO3\\CMS\\Core\\Http\\Uri` to parse externally provided URLs (e.g., via a query parameter) and validate the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to open redirect or SSRF attacks if the URL is used after passing the validation checks.\n\n### Solution\nUpdate to TYPO3 versions 9.5.49 ELTS, 10.4.48 ELTS, 11.5.42 ELTS, 12.4.25 LTS, 13.4.3 LTS that fix the problem described.\n\n### Credits\nThanks to Sam Mush and Christian E\u00dfl who reported this issue and to TYPO3 core \u0026 security team member Benjamin Franzke who fixed the issue.\n\n### References\n* [TYPO3-CORE-SA-2025-002](https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2025-002)\n",
"id": "GHSA-2fx5-pggv-6jjr",
"modified": "2025-01-15T15:26:55Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T15:24:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/security/advisories/GHSA-2fx5-pggv-6jjr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3/commit/a4abf48d254685f43383e6e7f80d48aebaea56af"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3/typo3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2025-002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TYPO3 Potential Open Redirect via Parsing Differences"
}
GHSA-2G45-M4QR-VCX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-02 00:00Open redirect via user-controlled query parameter. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect 15 (Linux, Windows) before build 29240
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect via user-controlled query parameter. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect 15 (Linux, Windows) before build 29240",
"id": "GHSA-2g45-m4qr-vcx7",
"modified": "2022-06-02T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-19T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-2917"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2GMV-QX2Q-7G63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-30 21:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Icons for Features Plugin 1.0.0 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file classes/class-icons-for-features-admin.php. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 63124c021ae24b68e56872530df26eb4268ad633. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227756.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-30T21:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Icons for Features Plugin 1.0.0 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file classes/class-icons-for-features-admin.php. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 63124c021ae24b68e56872530df26eb4268ad633. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227756.",
"id": "GHSA-2gmv-qx2q-7g63",
"modified": "2023-04-30T21:30:14Z",
"published": "2023-04-30T21:30:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/icons-for-features/commit/63124c021ae24b68e56872530df26eb4268ad633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/icons-for-features/releases/tag/1.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.227756"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.227756"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.