CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-24X7-GXR3-5R7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:15 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:41The share function in Thycotic Secret Server before 10.2.000019 mishandles the Back Button, leading to unintended redirections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11725"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-29T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The share function in Thycotic Secret Server before 10.2.000019 mishandles the Back Button, leading to unintended redirections.",
"id": "GHSA-24x7-gxr3-5r7r",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:41:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:15:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thycotic.com/products/secret-server/resources/advisories/thy-ss-009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25C7-67GF-GC43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:22A URL redirection to untrusted site vulnerability in HP ArcSight ESM and HP ArcSight ESM Express, in any 6.x version prior to 6.9.1c Patch 4 or 6.11.0 Patch 1. This vulnerability could be exploited remotely to allow URL redirection to untrusted site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-31T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection to untrusted site vulnerability in HP ArcSight ESM and HP ArcSight ESM Express, in any 6.x version prior to 6.9.1c Patch 4 or 6.11.0 Patch 1. This vulnerability could be exploited remotely to allow URL redirection to untrusted site.",
"id": "GHSA-25c7-67gf-gc43",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:22:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:22:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://softwaresupport.hpe.com/km/KM02996760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.auscert.org.au/bulletins/54166"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25G4-WCF4-XHMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2023-02-03 21:30IBM StoredIQ 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 158699.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-30T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM StoredIQ 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 158699.",
"id": "GHSA-25g4-wcf4-xhmc",
"modified": "2023-02-03T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/158699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10881404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108121"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25GQ-JVX2-VG9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-23 16:59 – Updated: 2024-05-23 16:59A potential hostname injection vulnerability has been found which could allow attackers to alter url resolution.
If a request contains the X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header a website would then use its value in place of the actual HTTP hostname. In cases where caching is enabled, this could allow an attacker to potentially embed a remote url as the base_url for any site. This would then cause other visitors to the site to be redirected unknowingly.
This header is necessary for servers running behind a reverse proxy (such as nginx). Such servers are likely not vulnerable to this risk.
A fix has been merged into the default installer, although existing projects which do not run behind a reverse proxy should update their htaccess as below:
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Remove X-Forwarded-Host header sent as a part of any request from the web
RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-Host
</IfModule>
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "silverstripe/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-23T16:59:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A potential hostname injection vulnerability has been found which could allow attackers to alter url resolution.\n\nIf a request contains the X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header a website would then use its value in place of the actual HTTP hostname. In cases where caching is enabled, this could allow an attacker to potentially embed a remote url as the base_url for any site. This would then cause other visitors to the site to be redirected unknowingly.\n\nThis header is necessary for servers running behind a reverse proxy (such as nginx). Such servers are likely not vulnerable to this risk.\n\nA fix has been merged into the default installer, although existing projects which do not run behind a reverse proxy should update their htaccess as below:\n```\n\u003cIfModule mod_headers.c\u003e\n # Remove X-Forwarded-Host header sent as a part of any request from the web\n RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-Host\n\u003c/IfModule\u003e\n```",
"id": "GHSA-25gq-jvx2-vg9x",
"modified": "2024-05-23T16:59:26Z",
"published": "2024-05-23T16:59:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework/commit/75137dbab28c0efd28b07e50044a50c5af4e46aa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/silverstripe/framework/SS-2015-013-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/software/download/security-releases/ss-2015-013"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Silverstripe X-Forwarded-Host request hostname injection"
}
GHSA-25X6-5F6G-H9PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-19 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in SERVIT Software Solutions affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin.This issue affects affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin: from n/a through 3.3.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45105"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-19T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in SERVIT Software Solutions affiliate-toolkit \u2013 WordPress Affiliate Plugin.This issue affects affiliate-toolkit \u2013 WordPress Affiliate Plugin: from n/a through 3.3.9.",
"id": "GHSA-25x6-5f6g-h9pv",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-19T21:32:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/affiliate-toolkit-starter/wordpress-affiliate-toolkit-wordpress-affiliate-plugin-plugin-3-3-9-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-263G-F2M6-F7M9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 03:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 03:31Due to an open redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a URL link embedding a malicious script at a location not properly sanitized. When a victim clicks on this link, the script executes within the victim's browser, redirecting them to a site controlled by the attacker. This allows the attacker to access and/or modify restricted information related to the web client. While the vulnerability poses no impact on data availability, it presents a considerable risk to confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T01:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to an open redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a URL link embedding a malicious script at a location not properly sanitized. When a victim clicks on this link, the script executes within the victim\u0027s browser, redirecting them to a site controlled by the attacker. This allows the attacker to access and/or modify restricted information related to the web client. While the vulnerability poses no impact on data availability, it presents a considerable risk to confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-263g-f2m6-f7m9",
"modified": "2025-07-08T03:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T03:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3617131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-26J3-2P2R-5MWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:47IBM Security Access Manager Appliance 8.0.0 and 9.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 130676.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1534"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-10T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Access Manager Appliance 8.0.0 and 9.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 130676.",
"id": "GHSA-26j3-2p2r-5mwf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:47:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:47:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/130676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22008936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040169"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-26QC-7VC3-C96R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-09 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-13 00:30The next parameter in the /accounts/login endpoint of Seafile 9.0.6 allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28874"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-09T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The next parameter in the /accounts/login endpoint of Seafile 9.0.6 allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary sites.",
"id": "GHSA-26qc-7vc3-c96r",
"modified": "2023-12-13T00:30:37Z",
"published": "2023-12-09T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://herolab.usd.de/en/security-advisories/usd-2022-0033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://manual.seafile.com/changelog/server-changelog/#908-2022-09-07"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-276X-QW7F-57VQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:03DLink DIR850 ET850-1.08TRb03 is affected by an incorrect access control vulnerability through URL redirection to untrusted site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-04T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DLink DIR850 ET850-1.08TRb03 is affected by an incorrect access control vulnerability through URL redirection to untrusted site.",
"id": "GHSA-276x-qw7f-57vq",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:03:25Z",
"published": "2022-03-05T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rrlwnIxSHEoO4SMAHRPKZSRzK5MwZQRf/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167041/DLINK-DIR850-Open-Redirection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-27QH-H38R-JF2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-02 00:30 – Updated: 2023-11-02 00:30Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Open Redirect vulnerabilities. The 'q' parameter of the login.php resource allows an attacker to redirect a victim user to an arbitrary web site using a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Online Examination System v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Open Redirect vulnerabilities. The \u0027q\u0027 parameter of the login.php resource allows an attacker to redirect a victim user to an arbitrary web site using a crafted URL.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-27qh-h38r-jf2v",
"modified": "2023-11-02T00:30:32Z",
"published": "2023-11-02T00:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/uchida"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://projectworlds.in"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.