CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C449-RXG5-MV8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-08 00:30Potential open redirect vulnerability in opentext Service Management Automation X (SMAX) versions 2020.05, 2020.08, 2020.11, 2021.02, 2021.05, 2021.08, 2021.11, 2022.05, 2022.11 and opentext Asset Management X (AMX) versions 2021.08, 2021.11, 2022.05, 2022.11. The vulnerability could allow attackers to redirect a user to malicious websites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T15:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Potential open redirect vulnerability\nin opentext Service Management Automation X\n(SMAX) versions 2020.05, 2020.08,\n2020.11, 2021.02, 2021.05, 2021.08, 2021.11, 2022.05, 2022.11 and opentext Asset\nManagement X (AMX) versions 2021.08, 2021.11, 2022.05, 2022.11. The\nvulnerability could allow attackers to redirect a user to\nmalicious websites.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-c449-rxg5-mv8h",
"modified": "2023-11-08T00:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-10-30T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.microfocus.com/s/article/KM000022703?language=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C4P7-9FGH-G95M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:18A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Small Business 200, 300, and 500 Series Switches software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting a user's HTTP request and modifying it into a request that causes the web interface to redirect the user to a specific malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-17T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Small Business 200, 300, and 500 Series Switches software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting a user\u0027s HTTP request and modifying it into a request that causes the web interface to redirect the user to a specific malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-c4p7-9fgh-g95m",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:18:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:50:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190717-sbss-redirect"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/109288"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C53V-QMRX-93HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-06 23:49 – Updated: 2022-01-06 20:18Impact
Arbitrary redirect while using certain URLs
Patches
We recommend updating to the current version 5.7.7. You can get the update to 5.7.7 regularly via the Auto-Updater or directly via the download overview.
For older versions you can use the Security Plugin: https://store.shopware.com/en/swag575294366635f/shopware-security-plugin.html
References
https://docs.shopware.com/en/shopware-5-en/securityupdates/security-update-01-2022
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopware/shopware"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.7.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21651"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-06T20:18:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-05T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nArbitrary redirect while using certain URLs \n\n### Patches\n\nWe recommend updating to the current version 5.7.7. You can get the update to 5.7.7 regularly via the Auto-Updater or directly via the download overview.\n\nFor older versions you can use the Security Plugin:\nhttps://store.shopware.com/en/swag575294366635f/shopware-security-plugin.html\n\n### References\n\nhttps://docs.shopware.com/en/shopware-5-en/securityupdates/security-update-01-2022\n",
"id": "GHSA-c53v-qmrx-93hg",
"modified": "2022-01-06T20:18:17Z",
"published": "2022-01-06T23:49:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/security/advisories/GHSA-c53v-qmrx-93hg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/a90046c765c57a46c4399dce17bd174253c32886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.shopware.com/en/shopware-5-en/securityupdates/security-update-01-2022"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in shopware"
}
GHSA-C5RP-37R8-938G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-26 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-04 00:00The English WordPress Admin WordPress plugin before 1.5.2 does not validate the admin_custom_language_return_url before redirecting users o it, leading to an open redirect issue
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-25T16:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The English WordPress Admin WordPress plugin before 1.5.2 does not validate the admin_custom_language_return_url before redirecting users o it, leading to an open redirect issue",
"id": "GHSA-c5rp-37r8-938g",
"modified": "2022-05-04T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-04-26T00:00:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/af548fab-96c2-4129-b609-e24aad0b1fc4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C66R-J7V3-PRF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:49An improper input validation vulnerability in FortiOS 6.2.1, 6.2.0, 6.0.8 and below until 5.4.0 under admin webUI may allow an attacker to perform an URL redirect attack via a specifically crafted request to the admin initial password change webpage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-15T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An improper input validation vulnerability in FortiOS 6.2.1, 6.2.0, 6.0.8 and below until 5.4.0 under admin webUI may allow an attacker to perform an URL redirect attack via a specifically crafted request to the admin initial password change webpage.",
"id": "GHSA-c66r-j7v3-prf5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:49:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-19-179"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C67Q-MX69-VV7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-18 12:30A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. This vulnerability affects the function sso of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/sys/web/SsoController.java. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as 3d06b8d009d0267f0255acc87ea19d29d07cedc3. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7785"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T12:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. This vulnerability affects the function sso of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/sys/web/SsoController.java. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as 3d06b8d009d0267f0255acc87ea19d29d07cedc3. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-c67q-mx69-vv7w",
"modified": "2025-07-18T12:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T12:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thinkgem/jeesite5/issues/29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thinkgem/jeesite5/issues/29#issue-3209433725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thinkgem/jeesite5/issues/29#issuecomment-3045862084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thinkgem/jeesite5/commit/3d06b8d009d0267f0255acc87ea19d29d07cedc3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.316846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.616104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C6C4-JMQX-3R33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-09 19:30 – Updated: 2021-05-25 16:23An issue was discovered in xdLocalStorage through 2.0.5. The buildMessage() function in xdLocalStorage.js specifies the wildcard (*) as the targetOrigin when calling the postMessage() function on the iframe object. Therefore any domain that is currently loaded within the iframe can receive the messages that the client sends.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "xdlocalstorage"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11611"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-25T16:23:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-07T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in xdLocalStorage through 2.0.5. The buildMessage() function in xdLocalStorage.js specifies the wildcard (*) as the targetOrigin when calling the postMessage() function on the iframe object. Therefore any domain that is currently loaded within the iframe can receive the messages that the client sends.",
"id": "GHSA-c6c4-jmqx-3r33",
"modified": "2021-05-25T16:23:58Z",
"published": "2021-12-09T19:30:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ofirdagan/cross-domain-local-storage"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grimhacker.com/exploiting-xdlocalstorage-localstorage-and-postmessage/#Missing-TargetOrigin-Client"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in xdLocalStorage"
}
GHSA-C6MG-XWVH-76JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-21 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-28 21:30An attacker could have performed HTML template injection via Reader Mode and exfiltrated user information. This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS < 120.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T15:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker could have performed HTML template injection via Reader Mode and exfiltrated user information. This vulnerability affects Firefox for iOS \u003c 120.",
"id": "GHSA-c6mg-xwvh-76jx",
"modified": "2023-11-28T21:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-11-21T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1861420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7JF-2RMF-HC7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 15:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 15:31In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.11.3 open redirect was possible in the React project creation flow
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T14:16:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.11.3 open redirect was possible in the React project creation flow",
"id": "GHSA-c7jf-2rmf-hc7w",
"modified": "2026-02-25T15:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T15:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7JX-VF9H-C39W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-20 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-05 00:31Inadequate validation of URLs could result into an invalid check whether an redirect URL is internal or not..
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-20T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inadequate validation of URLs could result into an invalid check whether an redirect URL is internal or not..",
"id": "GHSA-c7jx-vf9h-c39w",
"modified": "2024-11-05T00:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-08-20T18:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/941-20240801-core-inadequate-validation-of-internal-urls.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.