CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8RPV-957G-66XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:59 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:59IBM Emptoris Supplier Lifecycle Management 10.0.x and 10.1.x could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 128173.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1448"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-09T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Emptoris Supplier Lifecycle Management 10.0.x and 10.1.x could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 128173.",
"id": "GHSA-8rpv-957g-66xr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:59:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:59:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1448"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/128173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22006854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100222"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RRR-F77P-65QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-21 00:00SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform - versions 740, 750, 787, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient URL validation. This could lead to the user being tricked to disclose personal information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform - versions 740, 750, 787, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient URL validation. This could lead to the user being tricked to disclose personal information.",
"id": "GHSA-8rrr-f77p-65qc",
"modified": "2022-04-21T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-04-13T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3165333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RWP-72PF-CQ9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40Revive Adserver before 5.1.0 is vulnerable to open redirects via the dest, oadest, and/or ct0 parameters of the lg.php and ck.php delivery scripts. Such open redirects had previously been available by design to allow third party ad servers to track such metrics when delivering ads. However, third party click tracking via redirects is not a viable option anymore, leading to such open redirect functionality being removed and reclassified as a vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22873"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-26T18:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Revive Adserver before 5.1.0 is vulnerable to open redirects via the `dest`, `oadest`, and/or `ct0` parameters of the lg.php and ck.php delivery scripts. Such open redirects had previously been available by design to allow third party ad servers to track such metrics when delivering ads. However, third party click tracking via redirects is not a viable option anymore, leading to such open redirect functionality being removed and reclassified as a vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-8rwp-72pf-cq9g",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:40:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/revive-adserver/revive-adserver/issues/1068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1081406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.revive-adserver.com/security/revive-sa-2021-001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161070/Revive-Adserver-5.0.5-Cross-Site-Scripting-Open-Redirect.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jan/60"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8RXC-XW2C-R3G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-21 21:33 – Updated: 2025-10-21 21:33Vulnerability in the Oracle Scripting product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Miscellaneous). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Scripting. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Scripting, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Scripting accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Scripting accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61753"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-21T20:20:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Scripting product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Miscellaneous). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.14. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Scripting. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Scripting, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Scripting accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Scripting accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-8rxc-xw2c-r3g9",
"modified": "2025-10-21T21:33:43Z",
"published": "2025-10-21T21:33:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61753"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VG3-PWR6-WHC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-09 15:30On versions 17.0.x before 17.0.0.2, 16.1.x before 16.1.3.3, 15.1.x before 15.1.7, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.3, and all versions of 13.1.x, an open redirect vulnerability exists on virtual servers enabled with a BIG-IP APM access policy. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated malicious attacker to build an open redirect URI. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On versions 17.0.x before 17.0.0.2, 16.1.x before 16.1.3.3, 15.1.x before 15.1.7, 14.1.x before 14.1.5.3, and all versions of 13.1.x, an open redirect vulnerability exists on virtual servers enabled with a BIG-IP APM access policy. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated malicious attacker to build an open redirect URI. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-8vg3-pwr6-whc5",
"modified": "2023-02-09T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-02-01T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K95503300"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VW9-4PHQ-RR32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-04 18:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) and Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20123"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-04T17:16:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) and Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.",
"id": "GHSA-8vw9-4phq-rr32",
"modified": "2026-02-04T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-epnm-pi-redirect-6sX82dN"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8W27-C4VC-88Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 19:01 – Updated: 2026-07-01 19:01Impact
An attacker is able to craft and send a user a URL that will redirect the user from the Concourse web server to any other site. This could be used in a phishing attack to steal user's credentials.
Patches
This has been fixed in 8.2.3
Workarounds
None.
Exploit
Vulnerable code was in: https://github.com/concourse/concourse/blob/ea7b812e3a88fdd070f0faece874e8a2d4fbb31c/skymarshal/skyserver/skyserver.go#L162-L170
The issue stems from the underlying processing logic of Go's url package. Normally, ParseRequestURI() will eventually reach an internal url.setPath() function, where the URL will be decoded. However, if RawPath is not empty and validEncoded(RawPath) is true, and the decoded result equals Path, then return RawPath as is; otherwise, escape Path again, i.e., decode it again.
In other words, if the URL contains dangerous characters that should be escaped, such as backslashes (\), then an extra decoding step will be performed. Therefore, /%2Fexample.com will be parsed as //example.com.
On vulnerable versions of Concourse, add /sky/login?redirect_uri=/%252Fexample.com/\ to your Concourse external URL, login as usual, and you should be redirected to example.com instead of your Concourse web server. The redirect happens after the login flow completes. No credentials are leaked.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/concourse/concourse"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.1-0.20260526150512-ac60be5f0435"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T19:01:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAn attacker is able to craft and send a user a URL that will redirect the user from the Concourse web server to any other site. This could be used in a phishing attack to steal user\u0027s credentials.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis has been fixed in 8.2.3\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.\n\n### Exploit\n\nVulnerable code was in: https://github.com/concourse/concourse/blob/ea7b812e3a88fdd070f0faece874e8a2d4fbb31c/skymarshal/skyserver/skyserver.go#L162-L170\n\nThe issue stems from the underlying processing logic of Go\u0027s `url` package. Normally, `ParseRequestURI()` will eventually reach an internal `url.setPath()` function, where the URL will be decoded. However, if `RawPath` is not empty and `validEncoded(RawPath)` is true, and the decoded result equals `Path`, then return `RawPath` as is; otherwise, escape `Path` again, i.e., decode it again.\n\nIn other words, if the URL contains dangerous characters that should be escaped, such as backslashes (`\\`), then an extra decoding step will be performed. Therefore, `/%2Fexample.com` will be parsed as `//example.com`.\n\nOn vulnerable versions of Concourse, add `/sky/login?redirect_uri=/%252Fexample.com/\\` to your Concourse external URL, login as usual, and you should be redirected to `example.com` instead of your Concourse web server. The redirect happens after the login flow completes. No credentials are leaked.",
"id": "GHSA-8w27-c4vc-88q9",
"modified": "2026-07-01T19:01:16Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T19:01:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/concourse/concourse/security/advisories/GHSA-8w27-c4vc-88q9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/concourse/concourse/commit/ac60be5f0435b6592f5a4fcc089050d72ad2452c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/concourse/concourse"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/concourse/concourse/releases/tag/v8.2.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Concourse login flow has an open redirect issue"
}
GHSA-8X64-Q7XH-C63J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in ILLID Share This Image.This issue affects Share This Image: from n/a through 1.97.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T11:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in ILLID Share This Image.This issue affects Share This Image: from n/a through 1.97.",
"id": "GHSA-8x64-q7xh-c63j",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-02T12:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/share-this-image/wordpress-share-this-image-plugin-1-97-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8X89-M4W8-QQRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-06 21:30 – Updated: 2022-12-08 21:30The Web Client component of TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Nimbus contains an easily exploitable vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to exploit an open redirect on the affected system. A successful attack using this vulnerability requires human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Nimbus: version 10.5.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41559"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-06T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Web Client component of TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO Nimbus contains an easily exploitable vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to exploit an open redirect on the affected system. A successful attack using this vulnerability requires human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO Nimbus: version 10.5.0.",
"id": "GHSA-8x89-m4w8-qqrx",
"modified": "2022-12-08T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2022-12-06T21:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tibco.com/services/support/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8XH7-M55W-7WW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in KuGou Technology Co., Ltd KuGou Concept iOS 4.0.61 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56950"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in KuGou Technology Co., Ltd KuGou Concept iOS 4.0.61 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-8xh7-m55w-7ww7",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241213-KuGouConcept/241213-KuGouConcept.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.