CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4FW8-6HP7-5WHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-05 00:00Adenza AxiomSL ControllerView through 10.8.1 allows redirection for SSO login URLs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22919"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-30T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adenza AxiomSL ControllerView through 10.8.1 allows redirection for SSO login URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-4fw8-6hp7-5whp",
"modified": "2022-02-05T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-01-31T00:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jdordonezn/CVE-2022-22919/issues/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4GHX-8JW8-P76Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-27 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-28 20:48Mattermost fails to properly check a redirect URL parameter allowing for an open redirect was possible when the user clicked "Back to Mattermost" after providing a invalid custom url scheme in /oauth/{service}/mobile_login?redirect_to=
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.8.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-28T20:48:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-27T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost fails to properly check a redirect URL parameter allowing for an\u00a0open redirect was possible when the user clicked \"Back to Mattermost\" after providing a invalid custom url scheme in /oauth/{service}/mobile_login?redirect_to=\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-4ghx-8jw8-p76q",
"modified": "2023-11-28T20:48:08Z",
"published": "2023-11-27T12:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47168"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-4GPW-HW2G-PH5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-29 18:30CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T18:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"id": "GHSA-4gpw-hw2g-ph5w",
"modified": "2025-12-29T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2025-12-29T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/dynamiccollectors/cve_advisories_listing?skip=0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GV9-2936-GM5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 21:31A vulnerability was found in java-aodeng Hope-Boot 1.0.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function doLogin of the file /src/main/java/com/hope/controller/WebController.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6552"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-24T03:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in java-aodeng Hope-Boot 1.0.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function doLogin of the file /src/main/java/com/hope/controller/WebController.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-4gv9-2936-gm5r",
"modified": "2025-06-26T21:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-06-26T21:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6552"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250613-02.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250613-02.md#steps-to-reproduce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.313692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.313692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.596681"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4GXR-WFFQ-H9JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-4gxr-wffq-h9jh",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4H76-926Q-WXXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:01Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-mqqf-5wvp-8fh8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
An Open Redirect vulnerability in the go-chi/chi >=5.2.2 RedirectSlashes function allows remote attackers to redirect victim users to malicious websites using the legitimate website domain.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.2"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T13:01:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T17:24:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-mqqf-5wvp-8fh8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nAn Open Redirect vulnerability in the go-chi/chi \u003e=5.2.2 RedirectSlashes function allows remote attackers to redirect victim users to malicious websites using the legitimate website domain.",
"id": "GHSA-4h76-926q-wxxw",
"modified": "2026-06-18T13:01:47Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-chi/chi/security/advisories/GHSA-mqqf-5wvp-8fh8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://go-chichi.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: chi has an open redirect vulnerability in the RedirectSlashes middleware",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-18T13:01:47Z"
}
GHSA-4H7Q-63RQ-HCW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Shenzhen Intellirocks Tech Co. Ltd Govee Home iOS 6.5.01 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Shenzhen Intellirocks Tech Co. Ltd Govee Home iOS 6.5.01 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-4h7q-63rq-hcw7",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/250106-GoveeHome/250106-GoveeHome.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HC2-5GHH-F4C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-09 03:30WebITR from Uniong has an Open Redirect vulnerability, which allows unauthorized remote attackers to exploit this vulnerability to forge URLs. Users, believing they are accessing a trusted domain, can be redirected to another page, potentially leading to phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-09T03:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WebITR from Uniong has an Open Redirect vulnerability, which allows unauthorized remote attackers to exploit this vulnerability to forge URLs. Users, believing they are accessing a trusted domain, can be redirected to another page, potentially leading to phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-4hc2-5ghh-f4c4",
"modified": "2024-09-09T03:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-09-09T03:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8044-65b84-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-8043-cc323-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4HPQ-RJCX-7VJ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-13 20:05 – Updated: 2023-08-25 20:56This affects the package clearance before 2.5.0. The vulnerability can be possible when users are able to set the value of session[:return_to]. If the value used for return_to contains multiple leading slashes (/////example.com) the user ends up being redirected to the external domain that comes after the slashes (http://example.com).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "clearance"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-13T19:07:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This affects the package clearance before 2.5.0. The vulnerability can be possible when users are able to set the value of `session[:return_to]`. If the value used for return_to contains multiple leading slashes (`/////example.com`) the user ends up being redirected to the external domain that comes after the slashes (`http://example.com`).",
"id": "GHSA-4hpq-rjcx-7vj9",
"modified": "2023-08-25T20:56:57Z",
"published": "2021-09-13T20:05:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thoughtbot/clearance/pull/945"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4hpq-rjcx-7vj9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/clearance/CVE-2021-23435.yml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/thoughtbot/clearance"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-RUBY-CLEARANCE-1577284"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Clearance Gem Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-4HR2-XF7W-JF76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 16:57 – Updated: 2025-12-04 16:57Impact
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to craft a malicious link that, when clicked by a victim, redirects them to a phishing website designed to mimic the legitimate Central Dogma login page. This could result in the compromise of user accounts and unauthorized access to the Central Dogma instance.
Patches
This vulnerability is addressed and resolved in Central Dogma version 0.78.0. The server operators who run Central Dogma server with Shiro authentication are strongly encouraged to upgrade to this version or later to mitigate the risk associated with the open redirect vulnerability.
Workarounds
Implement AuthProvider to overrides webLoginService().
References
- https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.linecorp.centraldogma:centraldogma-server-auth-shiro"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.78.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-04T16:57:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T13:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to craft a malicious link that, when clicked by a victim, redirects them to a phishing website designed to mimic the legitimate Central Dogma login page. This could result in the compromise of user accounts and unauthorized access to the Central Dogma instance.\n\n### Patches\nThis vulnerability is addressed and resolved in Central Dogma version 0.78.0. The server operators who run Central Dogma server with Shiro authentication are strongly encouraged to upgrade to this version or later to mitigate the risk associated with the open redirect vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\nImplement `AuthProvider` to overrides `webLoginService()`.\n\n### References\n- https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html",
"id": "GHSA-4hr2-xf7w-jf76",
"modified": "2025-12-04T16:57:17Z",
"published": "2025-12-04T16:57:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/line/centraldogma/security/advisories/GHSA-4hr2-xf7w-jf76"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/line/centraldogma/pull/1207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/line/centraldogma/commit/95e7bbd77266493e4ec70b670bd91fa3e3289de0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/line/centraldogma"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Central Dogma\u0027s Login Function Has an Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.