Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-62025 (GCVE-0-2026-62025)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 19:35 – Updated: 2026-10-11 12:13
VLAI
Title
WordPress Tailored Tools plugin <= 3.0.3 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload in Tailored Tools <= 3.0.3 versions.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-11 12:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3563 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tailored Media Tailored Tools Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.0.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
V1T | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-62024 (GCVE-0-2026-62024)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 19:35 – Updated: 2026-10-11 12:13
VLAI
Title
WordPress CodeBard Help Desk plugin <= 1.1.2 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Subscriber Arbitrary File Upload in CodeBard Help Desk <= 1.1.2 versions.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-11 12:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3563 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CodeBard CodeBard Help Desk Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.1.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
JunHee CHO | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-61900 (GCVE-0-2026-61900)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 18:34 – Updated: 2026-11-12 21:34
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - dj-extensions.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in DJ-jDownloads < 4.1.6
Summary
Joomla Extension - jdownloads.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in jDownloads < 4.1.6 - The Joomla extension JDownloads is vulnerable to an unauthenticated file upload, leading to full RCE.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 16:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 381 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Andrés Restrepo
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-61738 (GCVE-0-2026-61738)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 14:36 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:37
VLAI
Title
SOCFortress CoPilot: Arbitrary Host File Write as Root via Path Traversal in the ScoutSuite GCP Report Upload (RCE)
Summary
SOCFortress CoPilot focuses on providing a single pane of glass for all your security operations needs. Prior to 0.1.77, `POST /api/scoutsuite/generate-gcp-report` in `backend/app/integrations/scoutsuite/routes/scoutsuite.py` admits admin and analyst users and validates the uploaded content as `GCPScoutSuiteJSON`, but passes raw `file.filename` from the multipart header to `save_file_to_directory` in `backend/app/integrations/scoutsuite/services/scoutsuite.py`. The writer combines this filename with `scoutsuite-report` using `os.path.join` without sanitization or a resolved-path containment check. A traversal filename therefore writes the supplied JSON outside the intended report directory. In the reported root-running backend, the researcher demonstrated root-owned writes outside that directory and into the application source directory. This permits host-file overwrite subject to the accepted JSON-content constraint and can disrupt application operation; the demonstrated primitive does not establish unrestricted executable contents or unconditional cross-tenant confidentiality loss. Version 0.1.77 removes caller-controlled filenames from the affected route; unrestricted-content and direct-code-execution claims require separate curator reconciliation.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 21:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
socfortress CoPilot Affected: < 0.1.77
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-61645 (GCVE-0-2026-61645)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 21:17 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:59
VLAI
Title
Docat has Arbitrary File Upload exists in Upload API
Summary
Docat is a tool for hosting versioned static documentation. In the affected implementation, an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the `Upload API` arises because the API does not validate the `uploaded file path or type`. An attacker can overwrite sensitive configuration files or place malicious files on the Docat web server. Depending on deployment context, uploaded content can enable remote code execution or cross-site scripting intended to steal cookies or redirect users to malicious websites. Version 1.6.0 mitigates filename-based path traversal; remediation of unrestricted file types or deployment-dependent malicious-content effects is not established by the verified patch.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
docat-org docat Affected: < 1.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-61524 (GCVE-0-2026-61524)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 17:19 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WebsiteBaker CMS < 2.13.10 File Upload RCE via Module Installation
Summary
WebsiteBaker CMS before 2.13.10 contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the module installation feature that allows authenticated administrators to achieve remote code execution by uploading a crafted ZIP archive containing a PHP webshell alongside a valid info.php metadata file. Attackers can place the malicious archive through the module installation interface, causing the application to extract the webshell into a web-accessible modules/ subdirectory where it becomes immediately executable by any unauthenticated user via direct HTTP request.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-03 18:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8107 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WebsiteBaker Org e.V. WebsiteBaker CMS Affected: 0 , < 2.13.10 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:websitebaker:websitebaker:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-20 00:00
Credits
Benjamin Agyapong Asare
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-61457 (GCVE-0-2026-61457)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 11:25 – Updated: 2026-07-28 13:02
VLAI
Title
Grav before 1.0.3 Remote Code Execution via File Upload Extension Bypass
Summary
The Grav API plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-api) before 1.0.3 contains a file upload extension bypass in the API media controller. HandlesMediaUploads::validateFileExtension() inspects only the final file extension via pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION), so a user with api.media.write permission can upload a file with a double extension such as shell.php.jpg to bypass the dangerous extensions blocklist. The web server may then execute the file as PHP, resulting in remote code execution.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 12:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8107 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getgrav grav Affected: 0 , < 1.0.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-24 00:00
Credits
alienkeric
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-61448 (GCVE-0-2026-61448)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 13:01 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:03
VLAI
Title
Parse Server 9.0.0 Stored XSS via malformed Content-Type
Summary
Parse Server is affected by a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in versions >= 9.0.0, < 9.10.0-alpha.2 and <= 8.6.83. When an uploaded file's extension is not recognized by the mime package, Parse Server preserves the client-supplied Content-Type. A malformed Content-Type that is not a valid type/subtype media type (e.g., 'image', 'image/', or 'image//svg+xml') bypasses the fileUpload.fileExtensions blocklist and is stored unchanged. On storage adapters that persist and serve the uploaded Content-Type (such as Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Azure Blob Storage), a browser cannot parse the malformed value and falls back to MIME-sniffing; a file whose body begins with HTML is rendered as HTML, executing embedded script in the application's origin against other users who open the file URL. The default GridFS storage adapter is not affected. Fixed in 9.10.0-alpha.2 and 8.6.84.
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 16:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8107 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: 9.0.0 , < 9.10.0-alpha.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 9.10.0-alpha.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
parse-community parse-server Affected: 0 , < 8.6.84 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.6.84 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
Credits
CyberKareem mtrezza
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-61424 (GCVE-0-2026-61424)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 18:34 – Updated: 2026-08-12 13:56
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - dj-extensions.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in DJ-Classifieds < 3.11.2
Summary
Joomla Extension - dj-extensions.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in DJ-Classifieds < 3.11.2 - The Joomla extension DJ-Classifieds is vulnerable to an unauthenticated file upload, leading to full RCE.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 12:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 381 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Phil Taylor, mysites.guru
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-60045 (GCVE-0-2026-60045)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 08:38 – Updated: 2026-11-10 08:38
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary file upload
Summary
A high privileged remote attacker can upload arbitrary files to a guessable location. This can result in a loss of availability and might be chained with other vulnerabilities.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 167 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
SySS GmbH
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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