Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6652 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-57827 (GCVE-0-2026-57827)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 09:29 – Updated: 2026-08-12 13:58
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - rsjoomla.com - Unauthenticated file upload in RSFiles component < 1.17.12
Summary
Joomla Extension - rsjoomla.com - Unauthenticated file upload in RSFiles component < 1.17.12 - The Joomla extension RSFiles is vulnerable to an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload that allows uploading executable files and leads to full RCE.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/AU:Y/U:Red
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 15:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 381 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Phil Taylor, mysites.guru
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57719 (GCVE-0-2026-57719)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 08:41 – Updated: 2026-07-13 16:07
VLAI
Title
WordPress Aimogen Pro plugin <= 2.8.3 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in CodeRevolution Aimogen Pro aimogen-pro allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects Aimogen Pro: from n/a through <= 2.8.3.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CodeRevolution Aimogen Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.8.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-13 10:37
Credits
0xd4rk5id3 | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57710 (GCVE-0-2026-57710)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 08:41 – Updated: 2026-07-13 16:07
VLAI
Title
WordPress WoowBot Pro Max plugin <= 14.1.7 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in quantumcloud WoowBot Pro Max woowbot-pro-max allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects WoowBot Pro Max: from n/a through <= 14.1.7.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 14:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
quantumcloud WoowBot Pro Max Affected: 0 , ≤ 14.1.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-13 10:37
Credits
Jamaal ahmed | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57700 (GCVE-0-2026-57700)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 17:29 – Updated: 2026-06-29 17:43
VLAI
Title
WordPress OMGF Pro plugin <= 5.2.6 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Daan.Dev OMGF Pro allows Using Malicious Files. This issue affects OMGF Pro: from n/a through 5.2.6.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 17:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Daan.dev OMGF Pro Affected: n/a , ≤ 5.2.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
NETZLICHT | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57658 (GCVE-0-2026-57658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 14:53 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:31
VLAI
Title
WordPress TemplateSpare plugin <= 4.2.0 - Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability
Summary
Administrator Arbitrary File Upload in TemplateSpare <= 4.2.0 versions.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 15:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 3590 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Templatespare TemplateSpare Affected: n/a , ≤ 4.2.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ananda Dhakal (Patchstack) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57581 (GCVE-0-2026-57581)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:35 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:56
VLAI
Title
DotVVM: Unrestricted file upload
Summary
DotVVM is an open source MVVM framework for web applications. Prior to 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final, applications with configured file upload storage allow unauthenticated users to submit files directly to DotvvmFileUploadMiddleware without an X-DotVVM-UploadToken generated by the FileUpload component. An attacker can repeatedly upload files and fill application storage, causing denial of service. DotvvmConfiguration.Security.AuthorizeFileUpload can additionally restrict which users may upload files. This issue is fixed in versions 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 15:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7831 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
riganti dotvvm Affected: < 4.2.11
Affected: >= 4.3.0, < 4.3.15
Affected: >= 5.0.0-preview01, < 5.0.0-preview09-final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57491 (GCVE-0-2026-57491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 20:17 – Updated: 2026-10-15 18:52
VLAI
Title
FileRise: ZIP extraction writes blocked file extensions to disk, bypassing the upload blocklist
Summary
FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.16.0, FileRise archive extraction does not apply UploadNamePolicy::isAllowedForWrite() before ZipArchive::extractTo() writes entries into the destination directory. An authenticated user with upload and extract permissions can place a blocked extension such as a PHP-family file inside a ZIP and cause it to be written to disk even when normal uploads reject that filename. Post-extraction metadata pruning does not remove the blocked file, so deployments that execute uploaded content may permit code execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.16.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 18:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7831 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
error311 FileRise Affected: < 3.16.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-57311 (GCVE-0-2026-57311)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 12:53 – Updated: 2026-07-29 09:42
VLAI
Title
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in Windu CMS
Summary
Windu CMS does not validate types of uploaded files. An authenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files, including PHP. This can lead to Remote Code Execution. Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 4.1 but may also affect other versions.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-20 13:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
CERT-PL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 257 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://cert.pl/posts/2026/07/CVE-2026-57309 third-party-advisory
https://windu.org product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
JCD Windu CMS Affected: 4.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-20 00:00
Credits
Jakub Lipiński Marek Tołczyk Kamil Królikowski Karol Czubernat
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56702 (GCVE-0-2026-56702)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 01:30 – Updated: 2026-08-27 14:36
VLAI
Title
Adminer before 5.4.3 Unrestricted File Upload via AdminerFileUpload
Summary
Adminer versions before 5.4.3 contain an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in the AdminerFileUpload plugin that allows authenticated users to upload PHP files by exploiting a permissive default extension allowlist. Attackers can upload PHP webshells to columns ending in _path and execute arbitrary code as the web-server user when uploadPath is web-served.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 14:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8119 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vrana adminer Affected: 0 , < 5.4.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:adminer:adminer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-09 00:00
Credits
riodrwn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-56660 (GCVE-0-2026-56660)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 19:37 – Updated: 2026-10-01 19:54
VLAI
Title
GetSimple CMS: CSRF, SSRF, and Unrestricted Zip Extraction
Summary
GetSimple CMS is a content management system (CMS), and GetSimple CMS CE is the community edition of that CMS. Prior to version 1.5, the update handler in UpdateCE.php downloads a ZIP archive and extracts its contents into the web root without validating file types or extraction paths. Because PHP files are written into a web-accessible directory, an attacker who can cause a malicious archive to be processed achieves remote code execution as the web-server user. Entry names are also used unsafely, allowing directory traversal (../) to write files outside the intended extraction directory. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 19:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7831 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T19:54:11.631Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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