Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5531 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GVQG-4VGR-VQ39

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32
VLAI
Details

A potential denial-of-service issue in the Proxygen handling of invalid HTTP2 priority settings (specifically a circular dependency). This affects Proxygen prior to v2018.12.31.00.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6346"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-12-31T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential denial-of-service issue in the Proxygen handling of invalid HTTP2 priority settings (specifically a circular dependency). This affects Proxygen prior to v2018.12.31.00.",
  "id": "GHSA-gvqg-4vgr-vq39",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:32:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/facebook/proxygen/commit/52cf331743ebd74194d6343a6c2ec52bb917c982"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GW2C-9HQF-W753

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:43 – Updated: 2022-10-07 18:16
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in pacemaker up to and including version 2.0.1. An insufficient verification inflicted preference of uncontrolled processes can lead to DoS

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-16878"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-18T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in pacemaker up to and including version 2.0.1. An insufficient verification inflicted preference of uncontrolled processes can lead to DoS",
  "id": "GHSA-gw2c-9hqf-w753",
  "modified": "2022-10-07T18:16:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:43:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ClusterLabs/pacemaker/pull/1749"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1278"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1279"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-16878"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/01/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3GCWFO7GL6MBU6C4BGFO3P6L77DIBBF3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FY4M4RMIG2POKC6OOFQODGKPRYXHET2F"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HR6QUYGML735EI3HEEHYRDW7EG73BUH2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3952-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-05/msg00012.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-05/msg00034.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108039"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GW2Q-QW9J-RGV7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 18:54
VLAI
Summary
LiteLLM Vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS)
Details

A vulnerability in BerriAI/litellm, as of commit 26c03c9, allows unauthenticated users to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by exploiting the use of ast.literal_eval to parse user input. This function is not safe and is prone to DoS attacks, which can crash the litellm Python server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "litellm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.53.1.dev1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10188"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-20T18:54:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in BerriAI/litellm, as of commit 26c03c9, allows unauthenticated users to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by exploiting the use of ast.literal_eval to parse user input. This function is not safe and is prone to DoS attacks, which can crash the litellm Python server.",
  "id": "GHSA-gw2q-qw9j-rgv7",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T18:54:47Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/berriai/litellm/commit/21156ff5d0d84a7dd93f951ca033275c77e4f73c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/96a32812-213c-4819-ba4e-36143d35e95b"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "LiteLLM Vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS)"
}

GHSA-GW56-F2CH-V6JJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:29 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:29
VLAI
Details

Node.js 4.0.0, 4.1.0, and 4.1.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-7384"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-10T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Node.js 4.0.0, 4.1.0, and 4.1.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-gw56-f2ch-v6jj",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:29:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:29:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/3138"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101260"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GW7G-QR8W-3448

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-26 18:35
VLAI
Summary
Remarshal expands YAML alias nodes unlimitedly, hence Remarshal is vulnerable to Billion Laughs Attack
Details

Remarshal prior to v0.17.1 expands YAML alias nodes unlimitedly, hence Remarshal is vulnerable to Billion Laughs Attack. Processing untrusted YAML files may cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "remarshal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.17.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-47163"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-14T22:19:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-13T03:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Remarshal prior to v0.17.1 expands YAML alias nodes unlimitedly, hence Remarshal is vulnerable to Billion Laughs Attack. Processing untrusted YAML files may cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-gw7g-qr8w-3448",
  "modified": "2024-10-26T18:35:38Z",
  "published": "2023-11-13T03:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/remarshal-project/remarshal/commit/fd6ac799a02f533c3fc243b49cdd6d21aa7ee494"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/remarshal/PYSEC-2023-236.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/remarshal-project/remarshal"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/remarshal-project/remarshal/releases/tag/v0.17.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN86156389"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Remarshal expands YAML alias nodes unlimitedly, hence Remarshal is vulnerable to Billion Laughs Attack"
}

GHSA-GWGM-RHR4-MF4H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in NetworkManager. When a system running NetworkManager with DEBUG logs enabled and an interface eth1 configured with LLDP enabled, a malicious user could inject a malformed LLDP packet. NetworkManager would crash, leading to a denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6501"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T20:15:12Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in NetworkManager. When a system running NetworkManager with DEBUG logs enabled and an interface eth1 configured with LLDP enabled, a malicious user could inject a malformed LLDP packet. NetworkManager would crash, leading to a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-gwgm-rhr4-mf4h",
  "modified": "2024-11-12T15:30:32Z",
  "published": "2024-07-09T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6501"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:9317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-6501"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2295734"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GWJ5-3VFQ-Q992

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 16:22 – Updated: 2021-05-20 21:07
VLAI
Summary
Import loops in account imports, nats-server DoS
Details

(This advisory is canonically https://advisories.nats.io/CVE/CVE-2020-28466.txt)

Problem Description

An export/import cycle between accounts could crash the nats-server, after consuming CPU and memory.

This issue was fixed publicly in https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/pull/1731 in November 2020.

The need to call this out as a security issue was highlighted by snyk.io and we are grateful for their assistance in doing so.

Organizations which run a NATS service providing access to accounts run by untrusted third parties are affected. See below for an important caveat if running such a service.

Affected versions

NATS Server

  • Version 2 prior to 2.2.0
  • 2.0.0 through and including 2.1.9 are vulnerable.
  • fixed with nats-io/nats-server PR 1731, commit 2e3c226729

Impact

The nats-server could be killed, after consuming resources.

Workaround

The import cycle requires at least two accounts to work; if you have open account sign-up, then restricting new account sign-up might hinder an attacker.

Solution

Upgrade the nats-server.

Caveat on NATS with untrusted users

Running a NATS service which is exposed to untrusted users presents a heightened risk.

Any remote execution flaw or equivalent seriousness, or denial-of-service by unauthenticated users, will lead to prompt releases by the NATS maintainers.

Fixes for denial of service issues with no threat of remote execution, when limited to account holders, are likely to just be committed to the main development branch with no special attention.

Those who are running such services are encouraged to build regularly from git.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-20T21:07:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "(This advisory is canonically \u003chttps://advisories.nats.io/CVE/CVE-2020-28466.txt\u003e)\n\n## Problem Description\n\nAn export/import cycle between accounts could crash the nats-server, after consuming CPU and memory.\n\nThis issue was fixed publicly in \u003chttps://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/pull/1731\u003e in November 2020.\n\nThe need to call this out as a security issue was highlighted by `snyk.io` and we are grateful for their assistance in doing so.\n\nOrganizations which run a NATS service providing access to accounts run by untrusted third parties are affected.\nSee below for an important caveat if running such a service.\n\n\n## Affected versions\n\n#### NATS Server\n\n * Version 2 prior to 2.2.0\n   + 2.0.0 through and including 2.1.9 are vulnerable.\n * fixed with nats-io/nats-server PR 1731, commit 2e3c226729\n\n\n## Impact\n\nThe nats-server could be killed, after consuming resources.\n\n\n## Workaround\n\nThe import cycle requires at least two accounts to work; if you have open account sign-up, then restricting new account sign-up might hinder an attacker.\n\n\n## Solution\n\nUpgrade the nats-server.\n\n\n## Caveat on NATS with untrusted users\n\nRunning a NATS service which is exposed to untrusted users presents a heightened risk.\n\nAny remote execution flaw or equivalent seriousness, or denial-of-service by unauthenticated users, will lead to prompt releases by the NATS maintainers.\n\nFixes for denial of service issues with no threat of remote execution, when limited to account holders, are likely to just be committed to the main development branch with no special attention.\n\nThose who are running such services are encouraged to build regularly from git.",
  "id": "GHSA-gwj5-3vfq-q992",
  "modified": "2021-05-20T21:07:16Z",
  "published": "2021-05-21T16:22:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/security/advisories/GHSA-gwj5-3vfq-q992"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Import loops in account imports, nats-server DoS"
}

GHSA-GWJ8-GFRJ-V979

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:38
VLAI
Details

PIVX through 3.1.03 (a chain-based proof-of-stake cryptocurrency) allows a remote denial of service, exploitable by an attacker who acquires even a small amount of stake/coins in the system. The attacker sends invalid headers/blocks, which are stored on the victim's disk.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-19156"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-05T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PIVX through 3.1.03 (a chain-based proof-of-stake cryptocurrency) allows a remote denial of service, exploitable by an attacker who acquires even a small amount of stake/coins in the system. The attacker sends invalid headers/blocks, which are stored on the victim\u0027s disk.",
  "id": "GHSA-gwj8-gfrj-v979",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:38:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:00:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/%40dsl_uiuc/fake-stake-attacks-on-chain-based-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrencies-b8b05723f806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@dsl_uiuc/fake-stake-attacks-on-chain-based-proof-of-stake-cryptocurrencies-b8b05723f806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://fc19.ifca.ai/preproceedings/180-preproceedings.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GWJV-QXVJ-5X3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-03-19 18:30
VLAI
Details

In Docker Desktop on Windows before v4.31.0 allows a user in the docker-users group to cause a Windows Denial-of-Service through the exec-path Docker daemon config option in Windows containers mode.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5652"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T17:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In Docker Desktop on Windows before v4.31.0\u00a0allows a user in the docker-users\u00a0group to cause a Windows Denial-of-Service through the exec-path\u00a0Docker daemon config option in Windows containers mode.",
  "id": "GHSA-gwjv-qxvj-5x3w",
  "modified": "2025-03-19T18:30:43Z",
  "published": "2024-07-09T18:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5652"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.docker.com/desktop/release-notes/#4310"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GWM5-45CM-CG6V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-07 06:30 – Updated: 2022-12-09 03:30
VLAI
Details

Uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Cybozu Remote Service 4.0.0 to 4.0.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker to consume huge storage space, which may result in a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-44608"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-07T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Cybozu Remote Service 4.0.0 to 4.0.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker to consume huge storage space, which may result in a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-gwm5-45cm-cg6v",
  "modified": "2022-12-09T03:30:25Z",
  "published": "2022-12-07T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44608"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cs.cybozu.co.jp/2022/007754.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN87895771/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.