CWE-319
AllowedCleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
1200 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-25M2-MPQ4-29VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-23 15:30 – Updated: 2024-03-27 15:30A vulnerability exists in curl <7.87.0 HSTS check that could be bypassed to trick it to keep using HTTP. Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS instead of using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in the URL. However, the HSTS mechanism could be bypassed if the host name in the given URL first uses IDN characters that get replaced to ASCII counterparts as part of the IDN conversion. Like using the character UTF-8 U+3002 (IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP) instead of the common ASCII full stop (U+002E) .. Then in a subsequent request, it does not detect the HSTS state and makes a clear text transfer. Because it would store the info IDN encoded but look for it IDN decoded.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-23T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in curl \u003c7.87.0 HSTS check that could be bypassed to trick it to keep using HTTP. Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS instead of using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in the URL. However, the HSTS mechanism could be bypassed if the host name in the given URL first uses IDN characters that get replaced to ASCII counterparts as part of the IDN conversion. Like using the character UTF-8 U+3002 (IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP) instead of the common ASCII full stop (U+002E) `.`. Then in a subsequent request, it does not detect the HSTS state and makes a clear text transfer. Because it would store the info IDN encoded but look for it IDN decoded.",
"id": "GHSA-25m2-mpq4-29vh",
"modified": "2024-03-27T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2022-12-23T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1755083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TVWZW5CNSJ7UYAF2BGSYAWAEXDJYUBHA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TVWZW5CNSJ7UYAF2BGSYAWAEXDJYUBHA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230427-0007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-26R9-9QGM-57V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:07The UCWeb UC Browser application through 2019-03-26 for Android uses HTTP to download certain modules associated with PDF and Microsoft Office files (related to libpicsel), which allows MITM attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10251"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-28T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The UCWeb UC Browser application through 2019-03-26 for Android uses HTTP to download certain modules associated with PDF and Microsoft Office files (related to libpicsel), which allows MITM attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-26r9-9qgm-57v8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:07:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:07:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.drweb.com/show/?i=13176\u0026c=38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/uc-browser-for-android-desktop-exposes-500-million-users-to-mitm-attacks"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-272X-QJ5P-5HGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:11NETSAS Enigma NMS 65.0.0 and prior utilises basic authentication over HTTP for enforcing access control to the web application. The use of weak authentication transmitted over cleartext protocols can allow an attacker to steal username and password combinations by intercepting authentication traffic in transit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-16067"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NETSAS Enigma NMS 65.0.0 and prior utilises basic authentication over HTTP for enforcing access control to the web application. The use of weak authentication transmitted over cleartext protocols can allow an attacker to steal username and password combinations by intercepting authentication traffic in transit.",
"id": "GHSA-272x-qj5p-5hgv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:11:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mogozobo.com/?p=3647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-27X4-J476-JP5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:01 – Updated: 2024-10-22 16:40easy_install in setuptools before 0.7 uses HTTP to retrieve packages from the PyPI repository, and does not perform integrity checks on package contents, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted response to the default use of the product.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "setuptools"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-1633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-29T18:46:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2013-08-06T02:52:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "easy_install in setuptools before 0.7 uses HTTP to retrieve packages from the PyPI repository, and does not perform integrity checks on package contents, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted response to the default use of the product.",
"id": "GHSA-27x4-j476-jp5f",
"modified": "2024-10-22T16:40:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-1633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/setuptools/PYSEC-2013-22.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/setuptools"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/0.9.8#changes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.reddit.com/r/Python/comments/17rfh7/warning_dont_use_pip_in_an_untrusted_network_a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Setuptools vulnerable to Man-in-the-middle attacks"
}
GHSA-2872-89WH-3FRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:02The ksmbd server through 3.4.2, as used in the Linux kernel through 5.15.8, sometimes communicates in cleartext even though encryption has been enabled. This occurs because it sets the SMB2_GLOBAL_CAP_ENCRYPTION flag when using the SMB 3.1.1 protocol, which is a violation of the SMB protocol specification. When Windows 10 detects this protocol violation, it disables encryption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-16T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The ksmbd server through 3.4.2, as used in the Linux kernel through 5.15.8, sometimes communicates in cleartext even though encryption has been enabled. This occurs because it sets the SMB2_GLOBAL_CAP_ENCRYPTION flag when using the SMB 3.1.1 protocol, which is a violation of the SMB protocol specification. When Windows 10 detects this protocol violation, it disables encryption.",
"id": "GHSA-2872-89wh-3frc",
"modified": "2022-03-30T00:02:00Z",
"published": "2021-12-17T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cifsd-team/ksmbd/issues/550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cifsd-team/ksmbd/pull/551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel\u0026m=163961726017023\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220107-0001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28C5-PQWM-84R5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:15VERSION NOT SUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED A vulnerability could cause certain data to be visible on the network when the 'password' feature is enabled. This vulnerability was discovered in and remediated in versions v4.9.1 and v4.10.1 on May 30, 2013. The 'password' feature is an additional optional check performed by TS1131 that it is connected to a specific controller. This data is sent as clear text and is visible on the network. This feature is not present in TriStation 1131 versions v4.9.1 and v4.10.1 through current. Therefore, the vulnerability is not present in these versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-16T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "**VERSION NOT SUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A vulnerability could cause certain data to be visible on the network when the \u0027password\u0027 feature is enabled. This vulnerability was discovered in and remediated in versions v4.9.1 and v4.10.1 on May 30, 2013. The \u0027password\u0027 feature is an additional optional check performed by TS1131 that it is connected to a specific controller. This data is sent as clear text and is visible on the network. This feature is not present in TriStation 1131 versions v4.9.1 and v4.10.1 through current. Therefore, the vulnerability is not present in these versions.",
"id": "GHSA-28c5-pqwm-84r5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:15:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:15:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-205-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SESB-2020-105-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-28H5-J8XC-VFGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31Philips e-Alert Unit (non-medical device), Version R2.1 and prior. The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors. The Philips e-Alert communication channel is not encrypted which could therefore lead to disclosure of personal contact information and application login credentials from within the same subnet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-26T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Philips e-Alert Unit (non-medical device), Version R2.1 and prior. The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors. The Philips e-Alert communication channel is not encrypted which could therefore lead to disclosure of personal contact information and application login credentials from within the same subnet.",
"id": "GHSA-28h5-j8xc-vfgg",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-242-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usa.philips.com/healthcare/about/customer-support/product-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29Q4-JV6W-VRG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40IBM Security Identity Governance and Intelligence 5.2.6 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-21T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Identity Governance and Intelligence 5.2.6 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.",
"id": "GHSA-29q4-jv6w-vrg6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:40:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/192428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6403257"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2C3H-VR56-625M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-03-27 15:30A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability exists in curl <v7.88.0 that could cause HSTS functionality to behave incorrectly when multiple URLs are requested in parallel. Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS instead of using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in the URL. This HSTS mechanism would however surprisingly fail when multiple transfers are done in parallel as the HSTS cache file gets overwritten by the most recentlycompleted transfer. A later HTTP-only transfer to the earlier host name would then not get upgraded properly to HSTS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-23T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability exists in curl \u003cv7.88.0 that could cause HSTS functionality to behave incorrectly when multiple URLs are requested in parallel. Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS instead of using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in the URL. This HSTS mechanism would however surprisingly fail when multiple transfers are done in parallel as the HSTS cache file gets overwritten by the most recentlycompleted transfer. A later HTTP-only transfer to the earlier host name would then *not* get upgraded properly to HSTS.",
"id": "GHSA-2c3h-vr56-625m",
"modified": "2024-03-27T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-02-23T21:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1826048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1874716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230309-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2G9H-HX22-R5P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-17 18:31The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T17:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.",
"id": "GHSA-2g9h-hx22-r5p2",
"modified": "2025-12-17T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-12-17T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.
Mitigation
When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.
Mitigation
When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.
Mitigation
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
Mitigation
Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-117: Interception
An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.