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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1200 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2RRX-Q65F-8945

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2023-01-14 05:25
VLAI
Summary
Credentials transmitted in plain text by OpenShift Deployer Plugin
Details

OpenShift Deployer Plugin stores credentials in its global configuration file org.jenkinsci.plugins.openshift.DeployApplication.xml on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.

While the credentials are stored encrypted on disk, they are transmitted in plain text as part of the configuration form by OpenShift Deployer Plugin 1.2.0 and earlier. This can result in exposure of the credential through browser extensions, cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, and similar situations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:openshift-deployer"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-2155"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-14T05:25:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-09T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "OpenShift Deployer Plugin stores credentials in its global configuration file `org.jenkinsci.plugins.openshift.DeployApplication.xml` on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.\n\nWhile the credentials are stored encrypted on disk, they are transmitted in plain text as part of the configuration form by OpenShift Deployer Plugin 1.2.0 and earlier. This can result in exposure of the credential through browser extensions, cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, and similar situations.",
  "id": "GHSA-2rrx-q65f-8945",
  "modified": "2023-01-14T05:25:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2155"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/openshift-deployer-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2020-03-09/#SECURITY-1518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/03/09/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Credentials transmitted in plain text by OpenShift Deployer Plugin"
}

GHSA-2V69-2W5X-455J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-21 03:31
VLAI
Details

The HTTPPasswordMgr class in the urllib.request module, along with its subclasses HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm and HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth, did not take the URL scheme into account when matching stored credentials against a requested URL. Credentials added for an https:// URL were also used for requests to the same host over http://, so an attacker able to redirect or downgrade a client to plain HTTP (for example, via an HTTPS-to-HTTP redirect or an on-path position) could capture credentials in cleartext. Credentials added for http:// URLs could likewise be sent over https://.

Credential matching is now scoped by URL scheme. Credentials registered with a URL that includes a scheme are only used for requests with the same scheme. Credentials registered with a bare authority (such as example.com or example.com:8080) continue to match any scheme, preserving compatibility with existing code, including proxy authentication.

Users who cannot upgrade immediately can mitigate by ensuring that applications never make plain http:// requests to hosts for which credentials are registered, for example by not following redirects to http:// URLs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15806"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T16:17:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The HTTPPasswordMgr class in the urllib.request module, along with its subclasses HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm and HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth, did not take the URL scheme into account when matching stored credentials against a requested URL. Credentials added for an https:// URL were also used for requests to the same host over http://, so an attacker able to redirect or downgrade a client to plain HTTP (for example, via an HTTPS-to-HTTP redirect or an on-path position) could capture credentials in cleartext. Credentials added for http:// URLs could likewise be sent over https://.\n\nCredential matching is now scoped by URL scheme. Credentials registered with a URL that includes a scheme are only used for requests with the same scheme. Credentials registered with a bare authority (such as example.com or example.com:8080) continue to match any scheme, preserving compatibility with existing code, including proxy authentication.\n\nUsers who cannot upgrade immediately can mitigate by ensuring that applications never make plain http:// requests to hosts for which credentials are registered, for example by not following redirects to http:// URLs.",
  "id": "GHSA-2v69-2w5x-455j",
  "modified": "2026-08-21T03:31:22Z",
  "published": "2026-08-18T18:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/155694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/155696"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/641be42bb07921ba0f8bffe228b1dc706b092ef6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/851cf9a7142ecbdd39f831055533f58284ad2bcc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a0d023fbd23773e24b35d8368789470e22cda5d8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a2773a34183b7d94a243bb98fd658926cc5348ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a7bb524fef61f77ede01f660ffbd591e1d5837ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/3OKPE5S75KDNA7FY7AI3PL2MXM2X5RB3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/18/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2WC2-8HHF-WR42

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR Nighthawk R7800. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability The specific flaw exists within handling of firmware updates. The issue results from a fallback to a insecure protocol to deliver updates. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12308.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-14T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR Nighthawk R7800. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability The specific flaw exists within handling of firmware updates. The issue results from a fallback to a insecure protocol to deliver updates. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12308.",
  "id": "GHSA-2wc2-8hhf-wr42",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-247"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-3365-3GC3-3Q8C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-24 00:30 – Updated: 2024-05-01 21:30
VLAI
Details

Cleartext Transmission issue in ROS2 (Robot Operating System 2) Foxy Fitzroy, with ROS_VERSION=2 and ROS_PYTHON_VERSION=3 allows attackers to access sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-51201"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T22:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cleartext Transmission issue in ROS2 (Robot Operating System 2) Foxy Fitzroy, with ROS_VERSION=2 and ROS_PYTHON_VERSION=3 allows attackers to access sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-3365-3gc3-3q8c",
  "modified": "2024-05-01T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2024-01-24T00:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/16yashpatel/CVE-2023-51201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/23/2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/23/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/23/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/23/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33J5-M5M2-W6HW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 21:30 – Updated: 2026-03-25 21:30
VLAI
Details

IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6 is vulnerable to exposure of sensitive information via JSON server response manipulation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1014"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T21:16:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6 is vulnerable to exposure of sensitive information via JSON server response manipulation.",
  "id": "GHSA-33j5-m5m2-w6hw",
  "modified": "2026-03-25T21:30:36Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1014"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7266736"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3452-RVWH-RV7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-29 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in ForgeRock Inc. OpenIDM and Java Remote Connector Server (RCS) LDAP Connector on Windows, MacOS, Linux allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects OpenIDM and Java Remote Connector Server (RCS): from 1.5.20.9 through 1.5.20.13.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-29T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability in ForgeRock Inc. OpenIDM and Java Remote Connector Server (RCS) LDAP Connector on Windows, MacOS, Linux allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials.This issue affects OpenIDM and Java Remote Connector Server (RCS): from 1.5.20.9 through 1.5.20.13.",
  "id": "GHSA-3452-rvwh-rv7h",
  "modified": "2023-04-06T18:30:18Z",
  "published": "2023-03-29T21:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://backstage.forgerock.com/downloads/browse/idm/all/productId:idm-connectors/subProductId:ldap/minorVersion:1.5/version:1.5.20.14"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://backstage.forgerock.com/knowledge/kb/article/a14149722"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-349G-PR27-X5HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 03:00 – Updated: 2022-04-29 03:00
VLAI
Details

DameWare Mini Remote Control 3.x before 3.74 and 4.x before 4.2 transmits the Blowfish encryption key in plaintext, which allows remote attackers to gain sensitive information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2004-1852"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2004-03-23T05:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "DameWare Mini Remote Control 3.x before 3.74 and 4.x before 4.2 transmits the Blowfish encryption key in plaintext, which allows remote attackers to gain sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-349g-pr27-x5hf",
  "modified": "2022-04-29T03:00:19Z",
  "published": "2022-04-29T03:00:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2004-1852"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/15586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=108016344224973\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/11205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1009557"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.dameware.com/support/security/bulletin.asp?ID=SB3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/4547"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/9959"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-34PG-QQRJ-463J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-01 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-01 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in an API endpoint of AOS-CX could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to retrieve data which could be used to further compromise the confidentiality of the affected system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-73756"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T21:18:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in an API endpoint of AOS-CX could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information via a man-in-the-middle attack. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to retrieve data which could be used to further compromise the confidentiality of the affected system.",
  "id": "GHSA-34pg-qqrj-463j",
  "modified": "2026-09-01T21:31:51Z",
  "published": "2026-09-01T21:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05134en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-34XP-HG92-V4QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-02 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Flock Safety Pisco com.flocksafety.android.pisco application 6.21.11 for Android (installed on Falcon and Sparrow License Plate Readers and Bravo Edge AI Compute Devices) has a cleartext Auth0 client secret in its codebase. Because application binaries can be trivially decompiled or inspected, attackers can recover this OAuth secret without special privileges. This secret is intended to remain confidential and should never be embedded directly in client-side software.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59406"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T17:16:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Flock Safety Pisco com.flocksafety.android.pisco application 6.21.11 for Android (installed on Falcon and Sparrow License Plate Readers and Bravo Edge AI Compute Devices) has a cleartext Auth0 client secret in its codebase. Because application binaries can be trivially decompiled or inspected, attackers can recover this OAuth secret without special privileges. This secret is intended to remain confidential and should never be embedded directly in client-side software.",
  "id": "GHSA-34xp-hg92-v4qh",
  "modified": "2025-10-02T21:31:18Z",
  "published": "2025-10-02T18:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gainsec.com/2025/09/27/fly-by-device-2-the-falcon-sparrow-gated-wireless-rce-camera-feed-dos-information-disclosure-and-more"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gainsec.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Root-from-the-Coop-Device-3_-Root-Shell-on-Flock-Safetys-Bravo-Compute-Box-GainSec.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.flocksafety.com/products"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.flocksafety.com/products/license-plate-readers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-35HJ-F3WV-8WGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:09
VLAI
Details

IBM i2 Analyst's Notebook Premium (IBM i2 Analyze 4.3.0, 4.3.1, and 4.3.2) does not set the secure attribute on authorization tokens or session cookies. Attackers may be able to get the cookie values by sending a http:// link to a user or by planting this link in a site the user goes to. The cookie will be sent to the insecure link and the attacker can then obtain the cookie value by snooping the traffic. IBM X-Force ID: 202769.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29769"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-26T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM i2 Analyst\u0027s Notebook Premium (IBM i2 Analyze 4.3.0, 4.3.1, and 4.3.2) does not set the secure attribute on authorization tokens or session cookies. Attackers may be able to get the cookie values by sending a http:// link to a user or by planting this link in a site the user goes to. The cookie will be sent to the insecure link and the attacker can then obtain the cookie value by snooping the traffic. IBM X-Force ID: 202769.",
  "id": "GHSA-35hj-f3wv-8wgc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:09:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:09:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/202769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6474883"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.