CWE-307
AllowedImproper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.
1069 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VF28-WJ7X-VMFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-06 06:30 – Updated: 2026-06-06 06:30Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Akinsoft OctoCloud allows Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects OctoCloud: from s1.09.03 before v1.11.01.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-02T12:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Akinsoft OctoCloud allows Authentication Bypass.\n\nThis issue affects OctoCloud: from s1.09.03 before v1.11.01.",
"id": "GHSA-vf28-wj7x-vmfp",
"modified": "2026-06-06T06:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-06T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0203"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VF2X-WCWG-V9CG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-31 18:30 – Updated: 2024-12-31 18:30Trend Micro ID Security, version 3.0 and below contains a vulnerability that could allow an attacker to send an unlimited number of email verification requests without any restriction, potentially leading to abuse or denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-31T16:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Trend Micro ID Security, version 3.0 and below contains a vulnerability that could allow an attacker to send an unlimited number of email verification requests without any restriction, potentially leading to abuse or denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-vf2x-wcwg-v9cg",
"modified": "2024-12-31T18:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-12-31T18:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpcenter.trendmicro.com/en-us/article/tmka-06710"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VFPH-HJFV-CPV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-17 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-04 02:09All versions of the package github.com/greenpau/caddy-security are vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts via the two-factor authentication (2FA). Although the application blocks the user after several failed attempts to provide 2FA codes, attackers can bypass this blocking mechanism by automating the application’s full multistep 2FA process.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/greenpau/caddy-security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-20T23:48:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-17T05:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "All versions of the package github.com/greenpau/caddy-security are vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts via the two-factor authentication (2FA). Although the application blocks the user after several failed attempts to provide 2FA codes, attackers can bypass this blocking mechanism by automating the application\u2019s full multistep 2FA process.",
"id": "GHSA-vfph-hjfv-cpv2",
"modified": "2025-04-04T02:09:09Z",
"published": "2024-02-17T06:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/greenpau/caddy-security/issues/271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.trailofbits.com/2023/09/18/security-flaws-in-an-sso-plugin-for-caddy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-GOLANG-GITHUBCOMGREENPAUCADDYSECURITY-6249864"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "github.com/greenpau/caddy-security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts in github.com/greenpau/caddy-security"
}
GHSA-VFPW-6FGP-W7H6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 03:31OpenClaw 2026.2.25 before 2026.5.26 allow a lower-trust caller or configured input path to bypass non-browser rate limits on WebSocket authentication attempts. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable by lower-trust input, this can consume gateway resources and reduce service availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T02:18:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw 2026.2.25 before 2026.5.26 allow a lower-trust caller or configured input path to bypass non-browser rate limits on WebSocket authentication attempts. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable by lower-trust input, this can consume gateway resources and reduce service availability.",
"id": "GHSA-vfpw-6fgp-w7h6",
"modified": "2026-07-17T03:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T03:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5p6w-wmh3-frfr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-websocket-rate-limit-bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VFW9-C27Q-5VQC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 15:30The RTSP service of MERCURY IP camera MIPC252W 1.0.5 Build 230306 has an issue handling failed Digest authentication attempts. By repeatedly sending RTSP requests with invalid authentication parameters, an unauthenticated attacker can cause the RTSP service to enter a persistent authentication failure state, preventing legitimate clients from authenticating and leading to a denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35902"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T19:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The RTSP service of MERCURY IP camera MIPC252W 1.0.5 Build 230306 has an issue handling failed Digest authentication attempts. By repeatedly sending RTSP requests with invalid authentication parameters, an unauthenticated attacker can cause the RTSP service to enter a persistent authentication failure state, preventing legitimate clients from authenticating and leading to a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-vfw9-c27q-5vqc",
"modified": "2026-04-28T15:30:49Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T21:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/izxnfirh8148/CVE_REQUESTS_references/blob/main/MERCURY_MIPC252W/MERCURY_MIPC252W_3th/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHPJ-7MF7-QX3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-30 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-30 18:30U-SPEED N300 router V1.0.0 does not implement rate limiting or account lockout protections on the /api/login endpoint. This allows an attacker on the local network to perform unlimited authentication attempts, enabling brute-force attacks against the administrator account and potential unauthorized access to the router management interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36959"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T15:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "U-SPEED N300 router V1.0.0 does not implement rate limiting or account lockout protections on the /api/login endpoint. This allows an attacker on the local network to perform unlimited authentication attempts, enabling brute-force attacks against the administrator account and potential unauthorized access to the router management interface.",
"id": "GHSA-vhpj-7mf7-qx3c",
"modified": "2026-04-30T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-04-30T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kirubel-cve/CVE-2026-36959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://u-speed.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VHRG-9CJQ-6J3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30A vulnerability in SonicOS allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to brute force Virtual Assist ticket ID in the firewall SSLVPN service. This vulnerability affected SonicOS Gen 5 version 5.9.1.7, 5.9.1.13, Gen 6 version 6.5.4.7, 6.5.1.12, 6.0.5.3, SonicOSv 6.5.4.v and Gen 7 version SonicOS 7.0.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-5141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-12T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in SonicOS allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to brute force Virtual Assist ticket ID in the firewall SSLVPN service. This vulnerability affected SonicOS Gen 5 version 5.9.1.7, 5.9.1.13, Gen 6 version 6.5.4.7, 6.5.1.12, 6.0.5.3, SonicOSv 6.5.4.v and Gen 7 version SonicOS 7.0.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-vhrg-9cjq-6j3h",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2020-0016"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VM2G-HVC6-GM5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 06:30 – Updated: 2025-06-09 06:30A vulnerability was found in Tenda TDSEE App up to 1.7.12. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /app/ConfirmSmsCode of the component Password Reset Confirmation Code Handler. The manipulation leads to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.7.15 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T06:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda TDSEE App up to 1.7.12. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /app/ConfirmSmsCode of the component Password Reset Confirmation Code Handler. The manipulation leads to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.7.15 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-vm2g-hvc6-gm5m",
"modified": "2025-06-09T06:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.kevgen.ru/posts/account_takeover_in_tdsee_app"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/k3vg3n/researches/blob/main/Account_takeover_in_TDSEE_app.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.592074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VM4W-8V23-V75W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-13 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-15 12:01Dell EMC XtremIO versions prior to X2 6.4.0-22 contain a bruteforce vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker can potentially exploit this vulnerability and gain access to an admin account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Dell EMC XtremIO versions prior to X2 6.4.0-22 contain a bruteforce vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker can potentially exploit this vulnerability and gain access to an admin account.",
"id": "GHSA-vm4w-8v23-v75w",
"modified": "2022-10-15T12:01:02Z",
"published": "2022-10-13T12:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000204112/dsa-2022-145-dell-emc-xtremeio-for-ssh-and-web-ui-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VMFM-CH9H-5C7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 20:52 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:41Summary
The HTTP login endpoints (POST /login and POST /signalk/v1/auth/login) are protected by express-rate-limit (default: 100 attempts per 10-minute window, configurable via HTTP_RATE_LIMITS). The WebSocket login path — sending {login: {username, password}} messages over an established WebSocket connection — calls app.securityStrategy.login() directly without any rate limiting.
An attacker can bypass HTTP rate limiting entirely by opening a WebSocket connection and attempting unlimited password guesses at the speed bcrypt allows (~20 attempts/sec with 10 salt rounds).
Details
Vulnerable code: src/interfaces/ws.ts, function processLoginRequest (lines 753-780)
The function directly calls app.securityStrategy.login(msg.login.username, msg.login.password) with no throttling or attempt tracking.
Rate-limited HTTP path for comparison: src/tokensecurity.ts lines 609-617 apply loginLimiter middleware to the HTTP login routes at line 637.
Steps to Reproduce
- Start Signal K server with security enabled
- Open a WebSocket connection to
ws://server:3000/signalk/v1/stream?subscribe=none - Wait for the hello message
- Send login attempts in rapid succession:
json {"requestId": "1", "login": {"username": "admin", "password": "guess1"}} {"requestId": "2", "login": {"username": "admin", "password": "guess2"}} - Observe that all attempts are processed without any 429 response or throttling
- For comparison, send 100+ HTTP POST requests to
/signalk/v1/auth/login— the 101st returns 429
A POC script is available that demonstrates both the HTTP rate limiting working correctly and the WebSocket path accepting unlimited attempts.
Impact
- Credential brute-forcing via the WebSocket protocol at ~20 attempts/sec (bcrypt-limited)
- Complete bypass of the HTTP rate limiting defense
- A single WebSocket connection is sufficient for unlimited attempts
- With multiple parallel connections, throughput multiplies
- A 10,000-word dictionary attack completes in ~8 minutes over a single connection
Signal K servers are commonly deployed on boat networks where they may be accessible to other devices on the same LAN.
CWE
CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
Suggested Fix
Track failed login attempts per remote IP in a shared store (or reuse the existing express-rate-limit store) that is checked in both the HTTP login middleware and the processLoginRequest WebSocket handler.
Context
Found while building an open source maritime security scanner. Verified on v2.24.0 (current master).
Discovered by Mark Curphey
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.24.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "signalk-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.25.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41893"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-307"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T20:52:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T20:16:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe HTTP login endpoints (`POST /login` and `POST /signalk/v1/auth/login`) are protected by `express-rate-limit` (default: 100 attempts per 10-minute window, configurable via `HTTP_RATE_LIMITS`). The WebSocket login path \u2014 sending `{login: {username, password}}` messages over an established WebSocket connection \u2014 calls `app.securityStrategy.login()` directly without any rate limiting.\n\nAn attacker can bypass HTTP rate limiting entirely by opening a WebSocket connection and attempting unlimited password guesses at the speed bcrypt allows (~20 attempts/sec with 10 salt rounds).\n\n## Details\n\n**Vulnerable code:** `src/interfaces/ws.ts`, function `processLoginRequest` (lines 753-780)\n\nThe function directly calls `app.securityStrategy.login(msg.login.username, msg.login.password)` with no throttling or attempt tracking.\n\n**Rate-limited HTTP path for comparison:** `src/tokensecurity.ts` lines 609-617 apply `loginLimiter` middleware to the HTTP login routes at line 637.\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Start Signal K server with security enabled\n2. Open a WebSocket connection to `ws://server:3000/signalk/v1/stream?subscribe=none`\n3. Wait for the hello message\n4. Send login attempts in rapid succession:\n ```json\n {\"requestId\": \"1\", \"login\": {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"guess1\"}}\n {\"requestId\": \"2\", \"login\": {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"guess2\"}}\n ```\n5. Observe that all attempts are processed without any 429 response or throttling\n6. For comparison, send 100+ HTTP POST requests to `/signalk/v1/auth/login` \u2014 the 101st returns 429\n\nA POC script is available that demonstrates both the HTTP rate limiting working correctly and the WebSocket path accepting unlimited attempts.\n\n## Impact\n\n- Credential brute-forcing via the WebSocket protocol at ~20 attempts/sec (bcrypt-limited)\n- Complete bypass of the HTTP rate limiting defense\n- A single WebSocket connection is sufficient for unlimited attempts\n- With multiple parallel connections, throughput multiplies\n- A 10,000-word dictionary attack completes in ~8 minutes over a single connection\n\nSignal K servers are commonly deployed on boat networks where they may be accessible to other devices on the same LAN.\n\n## CWE\n\nCWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nTrack failed login attempts per remote IP in a shared store (or reuse the existing express-rate-limit store) that is checked in both the HTTP login middleware and the processLoginRequest WebSocket handler.\n\n## Context\n\nFound while building an open source maritime security scanner. Verified on v2.24.0 (current master).\n\nDiscovered by Mark Curphey",
"id": "GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g",
"modified": "2026-05-13T13:41:34Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T20:52:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-vmfm-ch9h-5c7g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/pull/2568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/commit/215d81eb700d5419c3396a0fbf23f2e246dfac2d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.25.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Signal K Server\u0027s WebSocket Login Endpoint Lacks Rate Limiting (Credential Brute-Force)"
}
Mitigation
- Common protection mechanisms include:
- Disconnecting the user after a small number of failed attempts
- Implementing a timeout
- Locking out a targeted account
- Requiring a computational task on the user's part.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator. [REF-45]
CAPEC-16: Dictionary-based Password Attack
An attacker tries each of the words in a dictionary as passwords to gain access to the system via some user's account. If the password chosen by the user was a word within the dictionary, this attack will be successful (in the absence of other mitigations). This is a specific instance of the password brute forcing attack pattern.
Dictionary Attacks differ from similar attacks such as Password Spraying (CAPEC-565) and Credential Stuffing (CAPEC-600), since they leverage unknown username/password combinations and don't care about inducing account lockouts.
CAPEC-49: Password Brute Forcing
An adversary tries every possible value for a password until they succeed. A brute force attack, if feasible computationally, will always be successful because it will essentially go through all possible passwords given the alphabet used (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, symbols, etc.) and the maximum length of the password.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-565: Password Spraying
In a Password Spraying attack, an adversary tries a small list (e.g. 3-5) of common or expected passwords, often matching the target's complexity policy, against a known list of user accounts to gain valid credentials. The adversary tries a particular password for each user account, before moving onto the next password in the list. This approach assists the adversary in remaining undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. The adversary may then reattempt the process with additional passwords, once enough time has passed to prevent inducing a lockout.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.