CWE-294

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45914"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-27T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ESL (Electronic Shelf Label) protocol, as implemented by (for example) the OV80e934802 RF transceiver on the ETAG-2130-V4.3 20190629 board, does not use authentication, which allows attackers to change label values via 433 MHz RF signals, as demonstrated by disrupting the organization of a hospital storage unit, or changing retail pricing.",
  "id": "GHSA-mp8x-36fv-pwv3",
  "modified": "2022-12-01T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2022-11-27T03:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45914"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQRMNjZVlHg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/170177/Zhuhai-Suny-Technology-ESL-Tag-Forgery-Replay-Attacks.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-15498"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T16:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "YSoft SafeQ Server 6 allows a replay attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-mprx-59c7-j4fv",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:50:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15498"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://herolab.usd.de/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/usd20180021.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-3915"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-11T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Verizon Fios Quantum Gateway (G1100) firmware version 02.01.00.05 allows an unauthenticated attacker with adjacent network access to intercept and replay login requests to gain access to the administrative web interface.",
  "id": "GHSA-mv24-4hc4-j3rr",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3915"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2019-17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107883"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "mppx"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-29T15:10:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T15:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe `tempo/session` cooperative close handler validated the close voucher amount using `\u003c` instead of `\u003c=` against the on-chain settled amount. An attacker could submit a close voucher exactly equal to the settled amount, which would be accepted without committing any new funds, effectively closing or griefing the channel for free.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in 0.4.11.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds available for this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mv9j-8jvg-j8mr",
  "modified": "2026-03-31T18:51:04Z",
  "published": "2026-03-29T15:10:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx/security/advisories/GHSA-mv9j-8jvg-j8mr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx/commit/94088246ee18f21b5d6be40d9e7a464f5a280bfb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wevm/mppx/releases/tag/mppx@0.4.11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "mppx: Tempo has a session close voucher bypass vulnerability due to settled amount equality"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31763"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-24T00:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Weak security in the transmitter of AGShome Smart Alarm v1.0 allows attackers to gain full access to the system via a code replay attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-p2mf-6cfg-3jp9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:19:30Z",
  "published": "2023-05-24T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ashallen.net/wireless-alarm-system-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ashallen.net/wireless-alarm-system-vulnerability-disclosure"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-36857"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-19T00:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\n\n\nBaker Hughes \u2013 Bently Nevada 3500 System TDI Firmware version 5.05\n\n contains\u00a0a replay vulnerability which could allow an attacker to \n\n\n\nreplay older captured packets of traffic to the device to gain access.\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-p42g-23f7-4prj",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:46:51Z",
  "published": "2023-10-19T00:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36857"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-269-05"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15931"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-20T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Netwrix Account Lockout Examiner before 5.1 allows remote attackers to capture the Net-NTLMv1/v2 authentication challenge hash of the Domain Administrator (that is configured within the product in its installation state) by generating a single Kerberos Pre-Authentication Failed (ID 4771) event on a Domain Controller.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfr7-2ph8-36r9",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:31:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15931"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.netwrix.com/netwrix_reports_vulnerability_in_netwrix_account_lockout_examiner_4_1.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.optiv.com/explore-optiv-insights/source-zero/netwrix-account-lockout-examiner-41-disclosure-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-44555"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The DDMP/ODMF module has a service hijacking vulnerability. Successful exploit of this vulnerability may cause services to be unavailable.",
  "id": "GHSA-phjf-69j5-93r8",
  "modified": "2025-05-01T15:31:29Z",
  "published": "2022-11-10T12:01:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2022/11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-phones-202211-0000001441016433"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30909"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-288",
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-14T15:15:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A remote authentication bypass issue exists in some\nOneView APIs.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-php2-3gv6-62rw",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:40:20Z",
  "published": "2023-09-14T15:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30909"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=hpesbgn04538en_us"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/extension/azureauthextension"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.124.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.150.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42602"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-208",
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290",
      "CWE-294",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T22:32:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T21:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA server-side authentication bypass in `azureauthextension` allows any party who holds a single valid Azure access token for *any scope the collector\u0027s configured identity can mint for* to authenticate to any OpenTelemetry receiver that uses `auth: azure_auth`. The extension\u0027s `Authenticate` method does not validate incoming bearer tokens as JWTs. Instead, it calls its own configured credential to obtain an access token and compares the client\u0027s token to the result with string equality \u2014 and the scope for that server-side token request is taken from the client-supplied `Host` header. As a result, a token minted for any Azure resource the service principal has ever been issued a token for (ARM, Graph, Key Vault, Storage, etc.) will authenticate to the collector if the attacker picks a matching `Host`. Tokens are replayable for the full issued lifetime (commonly several hours for managed identity tokens).\n\nSeverity: High (CVSS 8.1). See \"Threat model\" below for the preconditions that inform that score.\n\n### Root cause\n\nThe extension implements both `extensionauth.HTTPClient` (outbound: \"attach my identity to requests I send\") and `extensionauth.Server` (inbound: \"validate a credential someone presented to me\"). Those two interfaces look symmetric but are not: holding a credential to present says nothing about the ability to validate a credential someone else presents. The outbound path only requires `credential.GetToken()`; the inbound path requires JWT signature verification against the issuer\u0027s JWKS, issuer/audience/exp/nbf checks, and an algorithm allowlist \u2014 none of which the extension does.\n\nPR #39178 (\"Implement extensionauth.HTTPClient and extensionauth.Server interface functions\") added the `Server` path in v0.124.0 by reusing the same credential object and comparing strings. That server-side path is present in every release through v0.150.0. The outbound `HTTPClient` path (used by Azure exporters) is unaffected.\n\n### Details\n\nVulnerable code \u2014 `extension/azureauthextension/extension.go:208\u2013235`:\n\n```go\nfunc (a *authenticator) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, headers map[string][]string) (context.Context, error) {\n    auth, err := getHeaderValue(\"Authorization\", headers)\n    if err != nil { return ctx, err }\n    host, err := getHeaderValue(\"Host\", headers)\n    if err != nil { return ctx, err }\n\n    authFormat := strings.Split(auth, \" \")\n    if len(authFormat) != 2 { /* ... */ }\n    if authFormat[0] != \"Bearer\" { /* ... */ }\n\n    token, err := a.getTokenForHost(ctx, host)   // asks the collector\u0027s own identity\n    if err != nil { return ctx, err }\n    if authFormat[1] != token {                  // string comparison, not JWT validation\n        return ctx, errors.New(\"unauthorized: invalid token\")\n    }\n    return ctx, nil\n}\n```\n\nAnd `getTokenForHost` at `extension.go:187\u2013206`:\n\n```go\noptions := policy.TokenRequestOptions{\n    Scopes: []string{\n        fmt.Sprintf(\"https://%s/.default\", host),   // client-supplied Host chooses scope\n    },\n}\n```\n\nTwo independent problems compose here:\n\n**1. No JWT validation.** Real Entra ID bearer validation requires verifying the JWT signature against the tenant JWKS and checking `iss`, `aud`, `exp`, `nbf`, plus an algorithm allowlist. The extension does none of this. The \"expected\" value is a token the server mints from its own credential, not a signature to verify. Any party that already holds a valid token for the collector\u0027s identity \u2014 a co-tenant pod that shares the managed identity, any peer authenticated with the same service principal, any component that retained an `Authorization:` header \u2014 can replay it directly.\n\n**2. Attacker-controlled audience.** The scope used to mint the \"expected\" token comes from the client-supplied `Host` header: `https://\u003cHost\u003e/.default`. The `azcore` credential returns a consistent token per (identity, scope) pair within the cache window, so an attacker can pick any scope the SP has been issued a token for and match it by setting `Host` accordingly. This is the sharper of the two flaws: it means a token leaked from an unrelated Azure integration \u2014 ARM, Graph, Key Vault, a different Storage account \u2014 authenticates to the collector.\n\nThe correct primitive is a real JWT validator \u2014 e.g. `github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3` pointed at the tenant\u0027s discovery endpoint, with audience and issuer pinned *server-side from configuration*, never derived from request headers.\n\n### Proof of concept\n\nBoth variants assume a collector running with `azureauthextension` v0.124.0\u2013v0.150.0, configured with any credential mode and referenced from a receiver\u0027s `auth:` block:\n\n```yaml\nextensions:\n  azure_auth:\n    managed_identity:\n      client_id: ${CLIENT_ID}\n\nreceivers:\n  otlp:\n    protocols:\n      http:\n        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318\n        auth:\n          authenticator: azure_auth\n\nservice:\n  extensions: [azure_auth]\n  pipelines:\n    traces:\n      receivers: [otlp]\n      exporters: [debug]\n```\n\n#### Variant A \u2014 Replay (same scope)\n\nThe attacker controls a workload that shares the collector\u0027s managed identity (common in AKS when multiple pods bind the same UAMI). Both workloads query IMDS for `https://management.azure.com/.default` and receive the same cached token. The attacker replays:\n\n```\nPOST /v1/traces HTTP/1.1\nHost: management.azure.com\nAuthorization: Bearer eyJ...            # token minted for management.azure.com\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"resourceSpans\":[...]}\n```\n\n`Authenticate` calls `getTokenForHost(ctx, \"management.azure.com\")`, receives the identical cached token, and the string comparison passes.\n\n#### Variant B \u2014 Scope confusion (the stronger case)\n\nThe attacker holds a token for the SP issued for a *different* Azure resource \u2014 say Key Vault, obtained from an entirely unrelated integration. The collector was never intended to accept Key Vault tokens. The attacker sets `Host` to match:\n\n```\nPOST /v1/traces HTTP/1.1\nHost: vault.azure.net\nAuthorization: Bearer eyJ...            # token minted for vault.azure.net\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"resourceSpans\":[...]}\n```\n\n`Authenticate` calls `getTokenForHost(ctx, \"vault.azure.net\")`. The collector\u0027s credential mints (or returns cached) a token for `https://vault.azure.net/.default` \u2014 the same token the attacker holds, because both come from the same SP issued for the same scope by the same IdP. Comparison passes. The collector accepts telemetry gated on \"proof of identity to Key Vault.\"\n\nIn a correct implementation, the JWT\u0027s `aud` would be pinned server-side to a value unrelated to `Host`, and Variant B would fail regardless of what the attacker put in the `Host` header.\n\nA small Go reproducer can be built around the extension\u0027s own test harness: the existing `TestAuthenticate` in `extension_test.go` is effectively a demonstration of the broken behavior \u2014 it passes when the client-supplied token equals the server-side token for the given `Host`, which is exactly what an attacker arranges.\n\n### Impact\n\n**Vulnerability class:** Improper Authentication (CWE-287), with contributing CWE-347 (Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature \u2014 no JWT validation), CWE-294 (Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay \u2014 tokens replayable for full TTL), and CWE-290 (Authentication Bypass by Spoofing \u2014 client `Host` header chooses the expected scope).\n\n**Threat model / precondition.** The attacker needs to already hold (or be able to obtain) a valid Azure access token issued to the collector\u0027s SP for any scope. In practice this is satisfied by: (a) controlling another workload that binds the same managed identity, (b) compromising any peer authenticated with the same SP, or (c) observing an `Authorization:` header from any prior legitimate request for the SP. This is what drives the 8.1 score \u2014 the precondition is non-trivial but is routine in multi-workload Azure environments.\n\n**Who is impacted.** Any operator of `opentelemetry-collector-contrib` v0.124.0 through v0.150.0 who configured `azureauthextension` on a receiver\u0027s `auth:` block. This applies to both HTTP and gRPC receivers \u2014 gRPC receivers surface `:authority` as `Host` through the collector\u0027s header handling, so the same exploit path applies there.\n\n**Deployments most at risk:**\n- Multi-workload Azure environments where the collector shares a managed identity with other workloads (any such workload can authenticate as an arbitrary telemetry source).\n- Deployments that forward `Authorization:` headers through proxies, service meshes, or logging pipelines (one leaked token is enough, and persists for the token TTL \u2014 typically several hours for MI tokens, not the 60-minute user-token window).\n- Multi-tenant environments where different customers\u0027 telemetry converges at a collector protected by this extension.\n\n**Consequences.** Unauthenticated (from the collector\u0027s perspective) ingest of arbitrary traces, metrics, and logs. Downstream effects depend on the collector\u0027s exporters and include telemetry-backend poisoning, log injection (masking real attacker activity in SIEMs), metric manipulation to trigger or suppress alerts, cost-amplification against pay-per-datapoint backends, and adversarial traces that corrupt service-graph and incident-triage signals.\n\n**Not impacted.** The extension\u0027s outbound `extensionauth.HTTPClient` path, used by Azure exporters, is unaffected. Operators who use `azureauthextension` only on exporters can continue doing so.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nUntil a patched release is available, remove `azure_auth` from any receiver `auth:` blocks. For genuine Entra ID JWT validation on OTLP receivers, use `oidcauthextension` pointed at the tenant discovery URL, with audience pinned from configuration:\n\n```yaml\nextensions:\n  oidc:\n    issuer_url: https://login.microsoftonline.com/\u003ctenant-id\u003e/v2.0\n    audience: \u003cexpected-api-audience\u003e\n```\n\n### Resources\n\n- PR introducing the vulnerable server-side path: [#39178](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/pull/39178)\n- Affected versions: v0.124.0 \u2013 v0.150.0\n\nAssisted-by: Opus 4.7",
  "id": "GHSA-pjv4-3c63-699f",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:42:40Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T22:32:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/security/advisories/GHSA-pjv4-3c63-699f"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42602"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "opentelemetry-collector-contrib\u0027s azureauthextension Authenticate method does not validate bearer tokens, allowing auth bypass via replay"
}