CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X3M9-XJ8F-J8QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30In SourceCodester Online Bus Booking System 1.0, there is Authentication bypass on the Admin Login screen in admin.php via username or password SQL injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-08T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In SourceCodester Online Bus Booking System 1.0, there is Authentication bypass on the Admin Login screen in admin.php via username or password SQL injection.",
"id": "GHSA-x3m9-xj8f-j8qr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Ko-kn3t/CVE-2020-25273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X3V7-9XJV-VMWP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:37Mail in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5.1, when an SMTP account has been set up using Account Assistant, can use plaintext authentication even when MD5 Challenge-Response authentication is available, which makes it easier for remote attackers to sniff account activity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-12-19T21:46:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mail in Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5.1, when an SMTP account has been set up using Account Assistant, can use plaintext authentication even when MD5 Challenge-Response authentication is available, which makes it easier for remote attackers to sniff account activity.",
"id": "GHSA-x3v7-9xjv-vmwp",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:37:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:37:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/39104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=307179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2007/Dec/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1019107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA07-352A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/4238"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X3WQ-G893-G96G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:46Eduserv OpenAthens SP 2.0 for Java allows remote attackers to forge messages and bypass authentication via a SAML assertion that lacks a Signature element, aka a "Signature exclusion attack."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5353"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-10-09T23:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Eduserv OpenAthens SP 2.0 for Java allows remote attackers to forge messages and bypass authentication via a SAML assertion that lacks a Signature element, aka a \"Signature exclusion attack.\"",
"id": "GHSA-x3wq-g893-g96g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:46:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:46:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://status.openathens.net/adv.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.nds.rub.de/media/nds/veroeffentlichungen/2012/08/22/BreakingSAML_3.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X3WV-9JVW-QWQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 15:32 – Updated: 2026-01-05 15:32A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Product Reservation System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Administration Backend. The manipulation results in improper authentication. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-05T13:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Product Reservation System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Administration Backend. The manipulation results in improper authentication. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
"id": "GHSA-x3wv-9jvw-qwq2",
"modified": "2026-01-05T15:32:14Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T15:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/foeCat/CVE/blob/main/OnlineProductReservation_PHP/auth_bypass_admin_panel.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/foeCat/CVE/blob/main/OnlineProductReservation_PHP/auth_bypass_admin_panel.md#poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.339499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.731127"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X3X6-8HWQ-3MG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:54 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:54admin/filemanager/ (aka the File Manager) in EZTechhelp EZCMS 1.2 and earlier does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to create, modify, read, and delete files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-06-30T18:24:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "admin/filemanager/ (aka the File Manager) in EZTechhelp EZCMS 1.2 and earlier does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to create, modify, read, and delete files.",
"id": "GHSA-x3x6-8hwq-3mg4",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:54:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:54:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ezcms.eztechhelp.com/index.php?page=3\u0026nid=27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29738"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X424-8CH7-2P52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-11 09:32 – Updated: 2024-12-11 09:32CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists that could cause Denial of access to the web interface when someone on the local network repeatedly requests the /accessdenied URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10511"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-11T09:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists that could cause Denial of access to the web interface\nwhen someone on the local network repeatedly requests the /accessdenied URL.",
"id": "GHSA-x424-8ch7-2p52",
"modified": "2024-12-11T09:32:04Z",
"published": "2024-12-11T09:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2024-345-01\u0026p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2024-345-01.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X44X-R84W-8V67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-09 18:45 – Updated: 2021-10-04 21:15Impact
When access rules are used inside a protected host, some URL encodings may bypass filtering system.
Patches
Version 0.5.2 includes a patch that fixes the vulnerability
Workarounds
No way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading
References
https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/-/issues/2290
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in this repository or LemonLDAP::NG GitLab * Email us at lemonldap-ng-users@ow2.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "lemonldap-ng-handler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-09T18:42:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWhen access rules are used inside a protected host, some URL encodings may bypass filtering system.\n\n### Patches\nVersion 0.5.2 includes a patch that fixes the vulnerability\n\n### Workarounds\nNo way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading\n\n### References\nhttps://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/-/issues/2290\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [this repository](https://github.com/LemonLDAPNG/node-lemonldap-ng-handler/issues) or [LemonLDAP::NG GitLab](https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/-/issues)\n* Email us at [lemonldap-ng-users@ow2.org](mailto:lemonldap-ng-users@ow2.org)",
"id": "GHSA-x44x-r84w-8v67",
"modified": "2021-10-04T21:15:52Z",
"published": "2020-09-09T18:45:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LemonLDAPNG/node-lemonldap-ng-handler/security/advisories/GHSA-x44x-r84w-8v67"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LemonLDAPNG/node-lemonldap-ng-handler/commit/136aa83ed431462fa42ce17b7f9b24e056de06be"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/LemonLDAPNG/node-lemonldap-ng-handler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LemonLDAPNG/node-lemonldap-ng-handler/releases/tag/0.5.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/-/issues/2290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-NODELEMONLDAPNGHANDLER-655999"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/lemonldap-ng-handler"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Lack of URL normalization may lead to authorization bypass when URL access rules are used"
}
GHSA-X45J-JQ9Q-GF3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-25 16:35A security vulnerability was discovered in Moodle that allows some users to access sensitive information about other students before they finish verifying their identities using two-factor authentication (2FA).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.3.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.5.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3627"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-25T16:35:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-25T15:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability was discovered in Moodle that allows some users to access sensitive information about other students before they finish verifying their identities using two-factor authentication (2FA).",
"id": "GHSA-x45j-jq9q-gf3q",
"modified": "2025-04-25T16:35:19Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T15:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2359692"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Amoodle%2Fmoodle+MDL-84351\u0026type=commits"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=467594"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle makes some user data available before completing second factor with MFA enabled"
}
GHSA-X485-7P7R-JXJ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-03 03:25 – Updated: 2022-05-03 03:25qemu-kvm before 0.11.0 disables VNC authentication when the password is cleared, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and establish VNC sessions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-0011"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-06-21T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "qemu-kvm before 0.11.0 disables VNC authentication when the password is cleared, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and establish VNC sessions.",
"id": "GHSA-x485-7p7r-jxj7",
"modified": "2022-05-03T03:25:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-03T03:25:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-0011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libvirt/+bug/697197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/65215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2011-0345.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/42830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/44393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ubuntu.com/usn/usn-1063-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/01/10/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/01/11/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/01/12/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/70992"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4GC-7RPM-6497
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-20 15:30A vulnerability, which was classified as very critical, was found in Netgear DGND3700 1.1.00.15_1.00.15NA. This affects an unknown part of the file /BRS_top.html of the component Basic Authentication. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other products might be affected as well. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T13:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as very critical, was found in Netgear DGND3700 1.1.00.15_1.00.15NA. This affects an unknown part of the file /BRS_top.html of the component Basic Authentication. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other products might be affected as well. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-x4gc-7rpm-6497",
"modified": "2025-05-20T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/at0de/my_vulns/blob/main/Netgear/DGND3700v2/backdoor.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.564712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.