Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QG62-4JMW-C4P6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:12 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:12
VLAI
Details

Session fixation vulnerability in moziloWiki 1.0.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the PHPSESSID parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6131"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-02-13T18:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Session fixation vulnerability in moziloWiki 1.0.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions by setting the PHPSESSID parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg62-4jmw-c4p6",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:12:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:12:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6131"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=122278832621348\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32024"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wiki.mozilo.de/index.php?page=Changelog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.majorsecurity.de/index_2.php?major_rls=major_rls56"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/31493"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QGH2-WRRH-XWCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:58 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:58
VLAI
Details

ASUS HG100 devices with firmware before 1.05.12 allow unauthenticated access, leading to remote command execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11491"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-25T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "ASUS HG100 devices with firmware before 1.05.12 allow unauthenticated access, leading to remote command execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgh2-wrrh-xwch",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:58:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:58:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11491"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mars-cheng.github.io/blog/2018/CVE-2018-11491"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asus.com/tw/News/qnEosWKPVDpmOeqL"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QGJ6-QHV7-VRFW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-19 00:00
VLAI
Details

There is an improper authentication vulnerability in FLMG-10 10.0.1.0(H100SP22C00). Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to a control of the victim device.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22259"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-13T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "There is an improper authentication vulnerability in FLMG-10 10.0.1.0(H100SP22C00). Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to a control of the victim device.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgj6-qhv7-vrfw",
  "modified": "2022-06-19T00:00:22Z",
  "published": "2022-06-14T00:00:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22259"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20220406-01-bdb62b17-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QGJQ-M78X-4GM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2022-11-01 23:01
VLAI
Summary
Improper Authentication in Jenkins Blue Ocean Plugin
Details

Blue Ocean allows the creation of GitHub organization folders that are set up to scan a GitHub organization for repositories and branches containing a Jenkinsfile, and create corresponding pipelines in Jenkins. Its SCM content REST API supports the pipeline creation and editing feature in Blue Ocean. The SCM content REST API did not check the current user's authentication or credentials. If the GitHub organization folder was created via Blue Ocean, it retained a reference to its creator's GitHub credentials. This allowed users with read access to the GitHub organization folder to create arbitrary commits in the repositories inside the GitHub organization corresponding to the GitHub organization folder with the GitHub credentials of the creator of the organization folder. Additionally, users with read access to the GitHub organization folder could read arbitrary file contents from the repositories inside the GitHub organization corresponding to the GitHub organization folder if the branch contained a Jenkinsfile (which could be created using the other part of this vulnerability), and they could provide the organization folder name, repository name, branch name, and file name.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.jenkins.blueocean:blueocean"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1000106"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-01T23:01:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-05T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Blue Ocean allows the creation of GitHub organization folders that are set up to scan a GitHub organization for repositories and branches containing a Jenkinsfile, and create corresponding pipelines in Jenkins. Its SCM content REST API supports the pipeline creation and editing feature in Blue Ocean. The SCM content REST API did not check the current user\u0027s authentication or credentials. If the GitHub organization folder was created via Blue Ocean, it retained a reference to its creator\u0027s GitHub credentials. This allowed users with read access to the GitHub organization folder to create arbitrary commits in the repositories inside the GitHub organization corresponding to the GitHub organization folder with the GitHub credentials of the creator of the organization folder. Additionally, users with read access to the GitHub organization folder could read arbitrary file contents from the repositories inside the GitHub organization corresponding to the GitHub organization folder if the branch contained a Jenkinsfile (which could be created using the other part of this vulnerability), and they could provide the organization folder name, repository name, branch name, and file name.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgjq-m78x-4gm8",
  "modified": "2022-11-01T23:01:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:40:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-08-07"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper Authentication in Jenkins Blue Ocean Plugin"
}

GHSA-QGJR-23FM-J744

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:39 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:39
VLAI
Details

Ipswitch WS_FTP Server Manager before 6.1.1, and possibly other Ipswitch products, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and read logs via a logLogout action to FTPLogServer/login.asp followed by a request to FTPLogServer/LogViewer.asp with the localhostnull account name.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-5692"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-12-19T18:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Ipswitch WS_FTP Server Manager before 6.1.1, and possibly other Ipswitch products, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and read logs via a logLogout action to FTPLogServer/login.asp followed by a request to FTPLogServer/LogViewer.asp with the localhostnull account name.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgjr-23fm-j744",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:39:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:39:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5692"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://aluigi.altervista.org/adv/wsftpweblog-adv.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://docs.ipswitch.com/WS_FTP_Server611/ReleaseNotes/index.htm?k_id=ipswitch_ftp_documents_worldwide_ws_ftpserverv611releasenotes#link12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/487686/100/200/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/487697/100/200/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0473"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QGMH-3VP9-Q7P2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-27 00:00
VLAI
Details

Authentication Bypass vulnerability in CodexShaper's WP OAuth2 Server plugin <= 1.0.1 at WordPress.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34839"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-22T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Authentication Bypass vulnerability in CodexShaper\u0027s WP OAuth2 Server plugin \u003c= 1.0.1 at WordPress.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgmh-3vp9-q7p2",
  "modified": "2022-07-27T00:00:38Z",
  "published": "2022-07-23T00:00:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34839"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/oauth2-server/wordpress-wp-oauth2-server-plugin-1-0-1-authentication-bypass-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/oauth2-server/#description"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QGP8-V765-QXX9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 17:01 – Updated: 2025-05-01 17:01
VLAI
Summary
@cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider PKCE bypass via downgrade attack
Details

Summary

PKCE was implemented in the OAuth implementation in workers-oauth-provider that is part of MCP framework. However, it was found that an attacker could cause the check to be skipped.

Impact

PKCE is a defense-in-depth mechanism against certain kinds of attacks and was an optional extension in OAuth 2.0 which became required in the OAuth 2.1 draft. (Note that the MCP specification requires OAuth 2.1.) This bug completely bypasses PKCE protection.

Patches

Fixed in: https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27

We patched up the vulnerabilities in the latest version, v 0.0.5 of the Workers OAuth provider (https://www.npmjs.com/package/@cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider). You'll need to update your MCP servers to use that version to resolve the vulnerability.

Workarounds

None

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4144"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-01T17:01:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nPKCE was implemented in the OAuth implementation in workers-oauth-provider that is part of[ MCP framework](https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-mcp). However, it was found that an attacker could cause the check to be skipped.\n\n### Impact\nPKCE is a defense-in-depth mechanism against certain kinds of attacks and was an optional extension in OAuth 2.0 which became required in the OAuth 2.1 draft. (Note that the MCP specification requires OAuth 2.1.)\nThis bug completely bypasses PKCE protection.\n\n\n### Patches\nFixed in: https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27\n\nWe patched up the vulnerabilities in the latest version, v 0.0.5 of the Workers OAuth provider (https://www.npmjs.com/package/@cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider). You\u0027ll need to update your MCP servers to use that version to resolve the vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone",
  "id": "GHSA-qgp8-v765-qxx9",
  "modified": "2025-05-01T17:01:42Z",
  "published": "2025-05-01T17:01:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/security/advisories/GHSA-qgp8-v765-qxx9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider PKCE bypass via downgrade attack"
}

GHSA-QGP9-QGWR-5PM4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:11 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:11
VLAI
Details

Session fixation vulnerability in Cybozu Garoon 2.0.0 through 2.1.3 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions via the session ID in the login page.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6569"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-03-31T17:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Session fixation vulnerability in Cybozu Garoon 2.0.0 through 2.1.3 allows remote attackers to hijack web sessions via the session ID in the login page.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgp9-qgwr-5pm4",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:11:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:11:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43427"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://cybozu.co.jp/products/dl/notice/detail/0021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN18700809/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/ja/contents/2008/JVNDB-2008-000034.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/46564"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30871"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.lac.co.jp/info/advisory/98.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29981"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QGRQ-RRP6-89HC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:55 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:55
VLAI
Details

Cybozu Garoon 3.5 through 3.7 SP2 allows remote attackers to bypass Keitai authentication via a modified user ID in a request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-6006"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-12-28T04:53:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cybozu Garoon 3.5 through 3.7 SP2 allows remote attackers to bypass Keitai authentication via a modified user ID in a request.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgrq-rrp6-89hc",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:55:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:55:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.cybozu.com/ja-jp/article/7893"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN81706478/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2013-000125"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QGRW-J67R-Q423

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in ABOOT in OnePlus 3 and 3T OxygenOS before 4.0.2. The attacker can reboot the device into the fastboot mode, which could be done without any authentication. A physical attacker can press the "Volume Up" button during device boot, where an attacker with ADB access can issue the adb reboot bootloader command. Then, the attacker can put the platform's SELinux in permissive mode, which severely weakens it, by issuing: fastboot oem selinux permissive.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-5554"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-01-23T07:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in ABOOT in OnePlus 3 and 3T OxygenOS before 4.0.2. The attacker can reboot the device into the fastboot mode, which could be done without any authentication. A physical attacker can press the \"Volume Up\" button during device boot, where an attacker with ADB access can issue the adb reboot bootloader command. Then, the attacker can put the platform\u0027s SELinux in permissive mode, which severely weakens it, by issuing: fastboot oem selinux permissive.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgrw-j67r-q423",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:31:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:46:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://securityresear.ch/2017/01/11/fastboot-oem-selinux-permissive"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.xda-developers.com/oneplus-33t-bootloader-vulnerability-allows-changing-of-selinux-to-permissive-mode-in-fastboot"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95706"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.