CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6004 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M86R-5C2C-W6RQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:45 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:54The cookie authentication method in WordPress 2.5 relies on a hash of a concatenated string containing USERNAME and EXPIRY_TIME, which allows remote attackers to forge cookies by registering a username that results in the same concatenated string, as demonstrated by registering usernames beginning with "admin" to obtain administrator privileges, aka a "cryptographic splicing" issue. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2007-6013.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-28T20:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The cookie authentication method in WordPress 2.5 relies on a hash of a concatenated string containing USERNAME and EXPIRY_TIME, which allows remote attackers to forge cookies by registering a username that results in the same concatenated string, as demonstrated by registering usernames beginning with \"admin\" to obtain administrator privileges, aka a \"cryptographic splicing\" issue. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2007-6013.",
"id": "GHSA-m86r-5c2c-w6rq",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:54:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:45:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wordpress.org/development/2008/04/wordpress-251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/sjm217/advisories/wordpress-cookie-integrity.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/491356/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1372/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M878-3VFV-WGVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:52Due to a lack of authentication, an unauthenticated user who knows the Eview EV-07S GPS Tracker's phone number can revert the device to a factory default configuration with an SMS command, "RESET!"
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-27T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to a lack of authentication, an unauthenticated user who knows the Eview EV-07S GPS Tracker\u0027s phone number can revert the device to a factory default configuration with an SMS command, \"RESET!\"",
"id": "GHSA-m878-3vfv-wgvc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:52:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:52:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/infosec/blog/2017/03/27/r7-2015-28-multiple-eview-ev-07s-gps-tracker-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97186"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M892-C9FC-5798
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-11 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-11 09:30A flaw has been found in Flycatcher Toys smART Sketcher up to 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component Bluetooth Low Energy Interface. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be done within the local network. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-11T08:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Flycatcher Toys smART Sketcher up to 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component Bluetooth Low Energy Interface. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be done within the local network. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-m892-c9fc-5798",
"modified": "2026-01-11T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-01-11T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/davidrxchester/smart-sketcher-upload/blob/main/smartsketch-upload.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.340442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.340442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.729134"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8GM-9M6Q-6XM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-18 09:30 – Updated: 2023-02-27 18:32A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file changePasswordForEmployee.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221454 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-18T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file changePasswordForEmployee.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221454 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-m8gm-9m6q-6xm3",
"modified": "2023-02-27T18:32:03Z",
"published": "2023-02-18T09:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/navaidzansari/CVE_Demo/blob/main/2023/Employee%20Task%20Management%20System%20-%20Broken%20Authentication.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.221454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.221454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8HV-35C9-8JRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2026-06-05 00:31An Authentication Bypass by Capture-Replay issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Modicon Modbus Protocol. Sensitive information is transmitted in cleartext in the Modicon Modbus protocol, which may allow an attacker to replay the following commands: run, stop, upload, and download.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6034"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-30T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Authentication Bypass by Capture-Replay issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Modicon Modbus Protocol. Sensitive information is transmitted in cleartext in the Modicon Modbus protocol, which may allow an attacker to replay the following commands: run, stop, upload, and download.",
"id": "GHSA-m8hv-35c9-8jrx",
"modified": "2026-06-05T00:31:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2017/icsa-17-101-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-101-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/us/en/download/document/SEVD-2017-065-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97562"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M92X-XX34-PPQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Insufficient policy enforcement in extensions in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted Chrome Extension.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in extensions in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted Chrome Extension.",
"id": "GHSA-m92x-xx34-ppqv",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1115590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-21127"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M93H-5QMX-PPHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-07-01 17:48In Jenkins before versions 2.44 and 2.32.2, low privilege users were able to act on administrative monitors due to them not being consistently protected by permission checks (SECURITY-371).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.32.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.43"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.34"
},
{
"fixed": "2.44"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T17:48:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-15T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Jenkins before versions 2.44 and 2.32.2, low privilege users were able to act on administrative monitors due to them not being consistently protected by permission checks (SECURITY-371).",
"id": "GHSA-m93h-5qmx-pphg",
"modified": "2022-07-01T17:48:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/6efcf6c2ac39bc5c59ac7251822be8ddf67ceaf8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2017-2604"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Authentication in Jenkins"
}
GHSA-M93W-4FXV-R35V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-18 20:29 – Updated: 2024-07-05 21:42In order to be exploited you must have both OAuth2 and Password auth methods enabled.
A possible attack scenario could be: - a malicious actor register with the targeted user's email (it is unverified) - at some later point in time the targeted user stumble on your app and decides to sign-up with OAuth2 (this step could be also initiated by the attacker by sending an invite email to the targeted user) - on successful OAuth2 auth we search for an existing PocketBase user matching with the OAuth2 user's email and associate them - because we haven't changed the password of the existing PocketBase user during the linking, the malicious actor has access to the targeted user account and will be able to login with the initially created email/password
To prevent this for happening we now reset the password for this specific case if the previously created user wasn't verified (an exception to this is if the linking is explicit/manual, aka. when you send Authorization:TOKEN with the OAuth2 auth call).
Additionally to warn existing users we now send an email alert in case the user has logged in with password but has at least one OAuth2 account linked. It looks something like:
Hello, Just to let you know that someone has logged in to your Acme account using a password while you already have OAuth2 GitLab auth linked. If you have recently signed in with a password, you may disregard this email. If you don't recognize the above action, you should immediately change your Acme account password. Thanks, Acme team
The flow will be further improved with the ongoing refactoring and we will start sending emails for "unrecognized device" logins (OTP and MFA is already implemented and will be available with the next v0.23.0 release in the near future).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.22.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38351"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-18T20:29:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-18T17:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "**In order to be exploited you must have both OAuth2 and Password auth methods enabled.**\n\nA possible attack scenario could be:\n- a malicious actor register with the targeted user\u0027s email (it is unverified)\n- at some later point in time the targeted user stumble on your app and decides to sign-up with OAuth2 (_this step could be also initiated by the attacker by sending an invite email to the targeted user_) \n- on successful OAuth2 auth we search for an existing PocketBase user matching with the OAuth2 user\u0027s email and associate them\n- because we haven\u0027t changed the password of the existing PocketBase user during the linking, the malicious actor has access to the targeted user account and will be able to login with the initially created email/password\n\nTo prevent this for happening we now reset the password for this specific case if the previously created user wasn\u0027t verified (an exception to this is if the linking is explicit/manual, aka. when you send `Authorization:TOKEN` with the OAuth2 auth call).\n\nAdditionally to warn existing users we now send an email alert in case the user has logged in with password but has at least one OAuth2 account linked. It looks something like:\n\n_Hello,\nJust to let you know that someone has logged in to your Acme account using a password while you already have OAuth2 GitLab auth linked.\nIf you have recently signed in with a password, you may disregard this email.\n**If you don\u0027t recognize the above action, you should immediately change your Acme account password.**\nThanks,\nAcme team_\n\nThe flow will be further improved with the [ongoing refactoring](https://github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/discussions/4355) and we will start sending emails for \"unrecognized device\" logins (OTP and MFA is already implemented and will be available with the next v0.23.0 release in the near future).\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-m93w-4fxv-r35v",
"modified": "2024-07-05T21:42:20Z",
"published": "2024-06-18T20:29:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/security/advisories/GHSA-m93w-4fxv-r35v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38351"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/commit/58ace5d5e7b9b979490019cf8d1b88491e5daec5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/discussions/4355"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PocketBase performs password auth and OAuth2 unverified email linking"
}
GHSA-M959-8WFP-9M54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:34 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:34BEA WebLogic Server and WebLogic Express 6.1 through 10.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication for application servlets via crafted request headers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-02-22T21:44:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BEA WebLogic Server and WebLogic Express 6.1 through 10.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication for application servlets via crafted request headers.",
"id": "GHSA-m959-8wfp-9m54",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:34:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:34:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://dev2dev.bea.com/pub/advisory/265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0612/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M95R-M8C3-JHG5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:08 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:08The Event Center module in Cisco WebEx Meetings Server does not perform request authentication in all intended circumstances, which allows remote attackers to discover host keys and event passwords via crafted URLs, aka Bug ID CSCue62485.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-1205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-06-06T13:02:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Event Center module in Cisco WebEx Meetings Server does not perform request authentication in all intended circumstances, which allows remote attackers to discover host keys and event passwords via crafted URLs, aka Bug ID CSCue62485.",
"id": "GHSA-m95r-m8c3-jhg5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:08:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:08:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-1205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2013-1205"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.