Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-54452 (GCVE-0-2025-54452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-23 05:29 – Updated: 2025-07-23 14:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Improper Authentication vulnerability in Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects MagicINFO 9 Server: less than 21.1080.0.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samsung Electronics | MagicINFO 9 Server |
Affected:
21.1080.0
|
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CVE-2025-54419 (GCVE-0-2025-54419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-28 19:47 – Updated: 2025-07-28 20:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Node-SAML Contains SAML Signature Verification Vulnerability
Summary
A SAML library not dependent on any frameworks that runs in Node. In version 5.0.1, Node-SAML loads the assertion from the (unsigned) original response document. This is different than the parts that are verified when checking signature. This allows an attacker to modify authentication details within a valid SAML assertion. For example, in one attack it is possible to remove any character from the SAML assertion username. To conduct the attack an attacker would need a validly signed document from the identity provider (IdP). This is fixed in version 5.1.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/commit/31e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54376 (GCVE-0-2025-54376)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-10 19:49 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hoverfly's WebSocket endpoint `/api/v2/ws/logs` reachable without authentication even when --auth is enabled.
Summary
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, Hoverfly’s admin WebSocket endpoint /api/v2/ws/logs is not protected by the same authentication middleware that guards the REST admin API. Consequently, an unauthenticated remote attacker can stream real-time application logs (information disclosure) and/or gain insight into internal file paths, request/response bodies, and other potentially sensitive data emitted in logs. Version 1.12.0 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/ffc… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SpectoLabs | hoverfly |
Affected:
< 1.12.0
|
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CVE-2025-54154 (GCVE-0-2025-54154)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 18:15 – Updated: 2025-10-03 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QNAP Authenticator
Summary
An improper authentication vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP Authenticator. If an attacker gains physical access, they can then exploit the vulnerability to compromise the security of the system.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:
QNAP Authenticator 1.3.1.1227 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QNAP Authenticator |
Affected:
1.3.x , < 1.3.1.1227
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-53889 (GCVE-0-2025-53889)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-14 23:50 – Updated: 2025-07-15 19:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Directus missing permission checks for manual trigger Flows
Summary
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Starting in version 9.12.0 and prior to version 11.9.0, Directus Flows with a manual trigger are not validating whether the user triggering the Flow has permissions to the items provided as payload to the Flow. Depending on what the Flow is set up to do this can lead to the Flow executing potential tasks on the attacker's behalf without authenticating. Bad actors could execute the manual trigger Flows without authentication, or access rights to the said collection(s) or item(s). Users with manual trigger Flows configured are impacted as these endpoints do not currently validate if the user has read access to `directus_flows` or to the relevant collection/items. The manual trigger Flows should have tighter security requirements as compared to webhook Flows where users are expected to perform do their own checks. Version 11.9.0 fixes the issue. As a workaround, implement permission checks for read access to Flows and read access to relevant collection/items.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/directus/directus/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/directus/directus/commit/22be4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/directus/directus/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-53845 (GCVE-0-2025-53845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 15:23 – Updated: 2026-01-14 09:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An improper authentication vulnerability [CWE-287] in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.6 allows an unauthenticated attacker to obtain information pertaining to the device's health and status, or cause a denial of service via crafted OFTP requests.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper access control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiAnalyzer |
Affected:
7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.3
(semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.6 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.11 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.15 (semver) Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.15 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortianalyzer:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-53793 (GCVE-0-2025-53793)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 17:10 – Updated: 2026-02-13 18:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Stack Hub Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Azure Stack allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Stack Hub 2406 |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.2406.1.23
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Azure Stack Hub 2408 |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.2408.1.50
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Azure Stack Hub 2501 |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.2501.1.47
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-08-12 07:00
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CVE-2025-53786 (GCVE-0-2025-53786)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-06 16:02 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Exchange Server Hybrid Deployment Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
On April 18th 2025, Microsoft announced Exchange Server Security Changes for Hybrid Deployments and accompanying non-security Hot Fix. Microsoft made these changes in the general interest of improving the security of hybrid Exchange deployments. Following further investigation, Microsoft identified specific security implications tied to the guidance and configuration steps outlined in the April announcement. Microsoft is issuing CVE-2025-53786 to document a vulnerability that is addressed by taking the steps documented with the April 18th announcement. Microsoft strongly recommends reading the information, installing the April 2025 (or later) Hot Fix and implementing the changes in your Exchange Server and hybrid environment.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23 |
Affected:
15.01.0.0 , < 15.01.2507.055
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 14 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1544.025
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 15 |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.1748.024
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Exchange Server Subscription Edition RTM |
Affected:
15.02.0.0 , < 15.02.2562.017
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-08-12 07:00
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CVE-2025-53778 (GCVE-0-2025-53778)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 17:10 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows NTLM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.21100
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8330
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7678
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6216
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6216
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.5768
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5768
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5768
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.4946
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27872
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27872
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23471
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23471
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25622
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25622
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8330
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8330
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7678
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7678
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4052
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1791
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.4946
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.4946
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-08-12 07:00
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CVE-2025-53771 (GCVE-0-2025-53771)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-20 22:16 – Updated: 2026-02-13 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/m… |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.0.5513.1001
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft SharePoint Server 2019 |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20037
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition |
Affected:
16.0.0 , < 16.0.18526.20508
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-07-20 07:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.