Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-62349 (GCVE-0-2025-62349)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-30 18:59 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Salt Master authentication protocol downgrade may enable minion impersonation
Summary
Salt contains an authentication protocol version downgrade weakness that can allow a malicious minion to bypass newer authentication/security features by using an older request payload format, enabling minion impersonation and circumventing protections introduced in response to prior issues.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/topics/rele… | release-notesvendor-advisory |
| https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/topics/rele… | release-notesvendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salt Project | Salt |
Affected:
3006.12 , < 3006.17
(semver)
|
|
| Salt Project | Salt |
Affected:
3007.4 , < 3007.9
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-11-20 05:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-62169 (GCVE-0-2025-62169)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-23 16:09 – Updated: 2025-10-23 16:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OctoPrint-SpoolManager Plugin APIs do not enforce authentication
Summary
OctoPrint-SpoolManager is a plugin for managing spools and all their usage metadata. In versions 1.8.0a2 and older of the testing branch and versions 1.7.7 and older of the stable branch, the APIs of the OctoPrint-SpoolManager plugin do not correctly enforce authentication or authorization checks. This issue has been patched in versions 1.8.0a3 of the testing branch and 1.7.8 of the stable branch. The impact of this vulnerability is greatly reduced when using OctoPrint version 1.11.2 and newer.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WildRikku/OctoPrint-SpoolManag… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WildRikku/OctoPrint-SpoolManag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/WildRikku/OctoPrint-SpoolManag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/WildRikku/OctoPrint-SpoolManag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WildRikku | OctoPrint-SpoolManager |
Affected:
< 1.8.0a3
Affected: < 1.7.8 |
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CVE-2025-61922 (GCVE-0-2025-61922)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 17:26 – Updated: 2025-10-17 14:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PrestaShop Checkout allows customer account takeover via email
Summary
PrestaShop Checkout is the PrestaShop official payment module in partnership with PayPal. Starting in version 1.3.0 and prior to versions 4.4.1 and 5.0.5, missing validation on the Express Checkout feature allows silent login, enabling account takeover via email. The vulnerability is fixed in versions 4.4.1 and 5.0.5. No known workarounds exist.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/PrestaShopCorp/ps_checkout/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PrestaShopCorp | ps_checkout |
Affected:
>= 1.3.0, < 4.4.1
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.5 |
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CVE-2025-61679 (GCVE-0-2025-61679)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 21:27 – Updated: 2025-10-06 15:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Anyquery Unauthenticated Access Vulnerability Exposes Private Integration Data
Summary
Anyquery is an SQL query engine built on top of SQLite. Versions 0.4.3 and below allow attackers who have already gained access to localhost, even with low privileges, to use the http server through the port unauthenticated, and access private integration data like emails, without any warning of a foreign login from the provider. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.4.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/commit/43cd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
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},
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CVE-2025-61665 (GCVE-0-2025-61665)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-02 20:39 – Updated: 2025-10-03 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WeGIA: Broken Access Control in `get_relatorios_socios.php` Endpoint
Summary
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on charitable institutions. Versions 3.4.12 and below contain a Broken Access Control vulnerability, identified in the get_relatorios_socios.php endpoint. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to directly access sensitive personal and financial information of members without requiring authentication or authorization. This issue is fixed in version 3.5.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LabRedesCefetRJ/WeGIA/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/LabRedesCefetRJ/WeGIA/commit/8… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LabRedesCefetRJ | WeGIA |
Affected:
< 3.5.0
|
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CVE-2025-59934 (GCVE-0-2025-59934)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-26 23:03 – Updated: 2025-09-29 14:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Formbricks missing JWT signature verification
Summary
Formbricks is an open source qualtrics alternative. Prior to version 4.0.1, Formbricks is missing JWT signature verification. This vulnerability stems from a token validation routine that only decodes JWTs (jwt.decode) without verifying their signatures. Both the email verification token login path and the password reset server action use the same validator, which does not check the token’s signature, expiration, issuer, or audience. If an attacker learns the victim’s actual user.id, they can craft an arbitrary JWT with an alg: "none" header and use it to authenticate and reset the victim’s password. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.1.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/pull/6596 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/commit/e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/blob/843… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| formbricks | formbricks |
Affected:
< 4.0.1
|
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CVE-2025-59280 (GCVE-0-2025-59280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 17:00 – Updated: 2026-02-22 17:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows SMB Client Tampering Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Windows SMB Client allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.21161
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8519
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7919
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6456
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6456
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.6060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6899
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27974
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27974
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23571
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23571
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25722
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25722
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22824
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22824
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8519
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8519
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7919
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7919
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4294
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1913
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6899
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6899
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-14 14:00
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"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"product": "Windows Server 2012",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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CVE-2025-58443 (GCVE-0-2025-58443)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-06 20:04 – Updated: 2025-09-08 14:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FOG's authentication bypass leads to full SQL DB dump
Summary
FOG is a free open-source cloning/imaging/rescue suite/inventory management system. Versions 1.5.10.1673 and below contain an authentication bypass vulnerability. It is possible for an attacker to perform an unauthenticated DB dump where they could pull a full SQL DB without credentials. A fix is expected to be released 9/15/2025. To address this vulnerability immediately, upgrade to the latest version of either the dev-branch or working-1.6 branch. This will patch the issue for users concerned about immediate exposure. See the FOG Project documentation for step-by-step upgrade instructions: https://docs.fogproject.org/en/latest/install-fog-server#choosing-a-fog-version.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FOGProject/fogproject/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOGProject | fogproject |
Affected:
<= 1.5.10.1673
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CVE-2025-58065 (GCVE-0-2025-58065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-11 17:55 – Updated: 2025-09-11 19:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flask App Builder has an Authentication Bypass vulnerability when using non AUTH_DB methods
Summary
Flask-AppBuilder is an application development framework. Prior to version 4.8.1, when Flask-AppBuilder is configured to use OAuth, LDAP, or other non-database authentication methods, the password reset endpoint remains registered and accessible, despite not being displayed in the user interface. This allows an enabled user to reset their password and be able to create JWT tokens even after the user is disabled on the authentication provider. Users should upgrade to Flask-AppBuilder version 4.8.1 or later to receive a fix. If immediate upgrade is not possible, manually disable password reset routes in the application configuration; implement additional access controls at the web server or proxy level to block access to the reset my password URL; and/or monitor for suspicious password reset attempts from disabled accounts.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/pull/2384 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/rele… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dpgaspar | Flask-AppBuilder |
Affected:
< 4.8.1
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CVE-2025-58060 (GCVE-0-2025-58060)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-11 17:06 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
cups has Authentication bypass with AuthType Negotiate
Summary
OpenPrinting CUPS is an open source printing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. In versions 2.4.12 and earlier, when the `AuthType` is set to anything but `Basic`, if the request contains an `Authorization: Basic ...` header, the password is not checked. This results in authentication bypass. Any configuration that allows an `AuthType` that is not `Basic` is affected. Version 2.4.13 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenPrinting | cups |
Affected:
< 2.4.13
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-58060",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
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{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
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],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-11T17:33:32.502303Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"type": "ssvc"
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-11T17:35:59.645Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:13:22.294Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00013.html"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/11/1"
}
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"title": "CVE Program Container"
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"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cups",
"vendor": "OpenPrinting",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.4.13"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "OpenPrinting CUPS is an open source printing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. In versions 2.4.12 and earlier, when the `AuthType` is set to anything but `Basic`, if the request contains an `Authorization: Basic ...` header, the password is not checked. This results in authentication bypass. Any configuration that allows an `AuthType` that is not `Basic` is affected. Version 2.4.13 fixes the issue."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
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],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-287",
"description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-11T17:25:02.915Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
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"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/security/advisories/GHSA-4c68-qgrh-rmmq",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/security/advisories/GHSA-4c68-qgrh-rmmq"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/commit/595d691075b1d396d2edfaa0a8fd0873a0a1f221",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
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"url": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/commit/595d691075b1d396d2edfaa0a8fd0873a0a1f221"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4c68-qgrh-rmmq",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "cups has Authentication bypass with AuthType Negotiate"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-58060",
"datePublished": "2025-09-11T17:06:32.899Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-22T14:30:32.222Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:13:22.294Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.