CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6054 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-89QR-GMVH-JQF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco BroadWorks CommPilot Application Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts or gain elevated privileges on an affected system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34786"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-09T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco BroadWorks CommPilot Application Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts or gain elevated privileges on an affected system.",
"id": "GHSA-89qr-gmvh-jqf2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-broadworks-dJ9JT67N"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-89VC-VF32-CH59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 19:21 – Updated: 2025-09-26 16:15Impact
The /api/v1/jobs and /preheats endpoints in Manager web UI are accessible without authentication. Any user with network access to the Manager can create, delete, and modify jobs, and create preheat jobs.
An unauthenticated adversary with network access to a Manager web UI uses /api/v1/jobs endpoint to create hundreds of useless jobs. The Manager is in a denial-of-service state, and stops accepting requests from valid administrators.
Patches
- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.
Workarounds
There are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.
References
A third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the full report.
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "d7y.io/dragonfly/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T19:21:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T19:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe /api/v1/jobs and /preheats endpoints in Manager web UI are accessible without authentication. Any user with network access to the Manager can create, delete, and modify jobs, and create preheat jobs.\n\nAn unauthenticated adversary with network access to a Manager web UI uses /api/v1/jobs endpoint to create hundreds of useless jobs. The Manager is in a denial-of-service state, and stops accepting requests from valid administrators.\n\n### Patches\n\n- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.\n\n### References\n\nA third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the [full report](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf).\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com](mailto:dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com).",
"id": "GHSA-89vc-vf32-ch59",
"modified": "2025-09-26T16:15:30Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T19:21:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/security/advisories/GHSA-89vc-vf32-ch59"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59345"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3965"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Dragonfly doesn\u0027t have authentication enabled for some Manager\u2019s endpoints"
}
GHSA-89XH-MM48-P72F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31Certain NETGEAR smart switches are affected by a remote admin password change by an unauthenticated attacker via the (disabled by default) /sqfs/bin/sccd daemon, which fails to check authentication when the authentication TLV is missing from a received NSDP packet. This affects GC108P before 1.0.8.2, GC108PP before 1.0.8.2, GS108Tv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS716TP before 1.0.4.2, GS716TPP before 1.0.4.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS750E before 1.0.1.10, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-13T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR smart switches are affected by a remote admin password change by an unauthenticated attacker via the (disabled by default) /sqfs/bin/sccd daemon, which fails to check authentication when the authentication TLV is missing from a received NSDP packet. This affects GC108P before 1.0.8.2, GC108PP before 1.0.8.2, GS108Tv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS716TP before 1.0.4.2, GS716TPP before 1.0.4.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS750E before 1.0.1.10, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.",
"id": "GHSA-89xh-mm48-p72f",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/?id=740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000063978/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Smart-Switches-PSV-2021-0140-PSV-2021-0144-PSV-2021-0145"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C65-GXHM-W49W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:44 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:44Directory Services in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 and 10.6.x before 10.6.5 does not properly handle errors associated with disabled mobile accounts, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by providing a valid account name.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-11-15T23:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory Services in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 and 10.6.x before 10.6.5 does not properly handle errors associated with disabled mobile accounts, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication by providing a valid account name.",
"id": "GHSA-8c65-gxhm-w49w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:44:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:44:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2010//Nov/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/44817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1024723"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8C6Q-359M-H9QJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:03A vulnerability has been identified in SPPA-T3000 Application Server (All versions). An attacker with network access to the Application Server could cause a Denial-of-Service condition by sending specifically crafted objects via RMI. This vulnerability is independent from CVE-2019-18318 and CVE-2019-18319. Please note that an attacker needs to have network access to the Application Server in order to exploit this vulnerability. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-18317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-12T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SPPA-T3000 Application Server (All versions). An attacker with network access to the Application Server could cause a Denial-of-Service condition by sending specifically crafted objects via RMI. This vulnerability is independent from CVE-2019-18318 and CVE-2019-18319. Please note that an attacker needs to have network access to the Application Server in order to exploit this vulnerability. At the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.",
"id": "GHSA-8c6q-359m-h9qj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:03:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:03:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-451445.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8C6R-J443-2HFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:45 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:45Zeeways PhotoVideoTube 1.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and perform administrative tasks via a direct request to admin/home.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-5042"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-11-12T21:11:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zeeways PhotoVideoTube 1.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and perform administrative tasks via a direct request to admin/home.php.",
"id": "GHSA-8c6r-j443-2hfh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:45:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:45:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/32601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/3065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8C74-M7XH-64HP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-22 18:31MallChat v1.0-SNAPSHOT has an authentication bypass vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access API without any token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50645"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-22T18:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "MallChat v1.0-SNAPSHOT has an authentication bypass vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to access API without any token.",
"id": "GHSA-8c74-m7xh-64hp",
"modified": "2025-08-22T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-08-22T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zongzibinbin/MallChat/issues/179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/fushuling/cve/blob/master/CVE-2024-50645.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zongzibinbin/MallChat"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C96-XX6X-RR2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:54The (1) CHAP and (2) MS-CHAP-V2 authentication capabilities in the PPP Access Concentrator (PPPAC) function in Internet Initiative Japan SEIL/B1 firmware 1.00 through 2.52 use the same challenge for each authentication attempt, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a replay attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-4409"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-12-23T21:30:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The (1) CHAP and (2) MS-CHAP-V2 authentication capabilities in the PPP Access Concentrator (PPPAC) function in Internet Initiative Japan SEIL/B1 firmware 1.00 through 2.52 use the same challenge for each authentication attempt, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a replay attack.",
"id": "GHSA-8c96-xx6x-rr2w",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:54:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:54:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN49602378/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/ja/contents/2009/JVNDB-2009-000079.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/61118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.seil.jp/seilseries/security/2009/a00697.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8CCJ-P46R-JWQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 14:27 – Updated: 2026-07-20 21:26Summary
Setting PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled completely disables all authentication on the /api/v1/agents/{id}/invoke endpoint. This bypass is advertised in the application's own error messages, making it likely to appear in production Docker and Compose configurations.
Details
# src/praisonai/praisonai/api/agent_invoke.py:32
_CALL_AUTH_DISABLED = os.getenv('PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH', '').lower() == 'disabled'
async def verify_token(...) -> None:
if _CALL_AUTH_DISABLED:
return # all authentication skipped unconditionally
The application's own error message advertises the bypass:
"Set CALL_SERVER_TOKEN or PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled to run without authentication."
This causes the setting to appear in Docker/Compose configurations as a convenience option.
Proof of Concept
import os
os.environ["PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH"] = "disabled"
# verify_token() now returns immediately for any request
# POST /api/v1/agents/any-agent/invoke → 200 OK (no token needed)
Common vulnerable deployment:
# docker-compose.yml
environment:
- PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled # auth completely disabled
Impact
Full unauthenticated access to the agent invocation API. Any agent registered on the server can be triggered without credentials, potentially executing arbitrary actions depending on the agent's configured tools.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "praisonai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.61"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-18T14:27:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSetting `PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled` completely disables all authentication on the `/api/v1/agents/{id}/invoke` endpoint. This bypass is advertised in the application\u0027s own error messages, making it likely to appear in production Docker and Compose configurations.\n\n### Details\n\n```python\n# src/praisonai/praisonai/api/agent_invoke.py:32\n_CALL_AUTH_DISABLED = os.getenv(\u0027PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH\u0027, \u0027\u0027).lower() == \u0027disabled\u0027\n\nasync def verify_token(...) -\u003e None:\n if _CALL_AUTH_DISABLED:\n return # all authentication skipped unconditionally\n```\n\nThe application\u0027s own error message advertises the bypass:\n\u003e \"Set CALL_SERVER_TOKEN or PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled to run without authentication.\"\n\nThis causes the setting to appear in Docker/Compose configurations as a convenience option.\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n```python\nimport os\nos.environ[\"PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH\"] = \"disabled\"\n# verify_token() now returns immediately for any request\n# POST /api/v1/agents/any-agent/invoke \u2192 200 OK (no token needed)\n```\n\nCommon vulnerable deployment:\n\n```yaml\n# docker-compose.yml\nenvironment:\n - PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled # auth completely disabled\n```\n\n### Impact\nFull unauthenticated access to the agent invocation API. Any agent registered on the server can be triggered without credentials, potentially executing arbitrary actions depending on the agent\u0027s configured tools.",
"id": "GHSA-8ccj-p46r-jwqq",
"modified": "2026-07-20T21:26:59Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T14:27:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-8ccj-p46r-jwqq"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PraisonAI: PRAISONAI_CALL_AUTH=disabled environment variable unconditionally disables authentication"
}
GHSA-8CGC-7WJM-RF9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31Insufficient policy enforcement in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 89.0.4389.72 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 89.0.4389.72 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-8cgc-7wjm-rf9r",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1173879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BBT54RKAE5XLMWSHLVUKJ7T2XHHYMXLH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FE5SIKEVYTMDCC5OSXGOM2KRPYLHYMQX"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LCIDZ77XUDMB2EBPPWCQXPEIJERDNSNT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4886"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.