Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7796 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-4193 (GCVE-0-2026-4193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 23:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 14:40 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
D-Link DIR-823G goahead UpdateClientInfo access control
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-823G 1.0.2B05. The affected element is the function GetDDNSSettings/GetDeviceDomainName/GetDeviceSettings/GetDMZSettings/GetFirewallSettings/GetGuestNetworkSettings/GetLanWanConflictInfo/GetLocalMacAddress/GetNetworkSettings/GetQoSSettings/GetRouterInformationSettings/GetRouterLanSettings/GetWanSettings/SetAccessCtlList/SetAccessCtlSwitch/SetDeviceSettings/SetGuestWLanSettings/SetIPv4FirewallSettings/SetNetworkSettings/SetNetworkTomographySettings/SetNTPServerSettings/SetRouterLanSettings/SetStaticClientInfo/SetStaticRouteSettings/SetWLanRadioSecurity/SetWPSSettings/UpdateClientInfo of the component goahead. Such manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351105 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351105 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769835 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769836 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769837 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769838 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769839 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769841 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | related |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4191 (GCVE-0-2026-4191)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 20:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 20:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JawherKl node-api-postgres Profile Picture index.js path.extname unrestricted upload
Summary
A flaw has been found in JawherKl node-api-postgres up to 2.5. Affected is the function path.extname of the file index.js of the component Profile Picture Handler. This manipulation causes unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351098 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351098 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.770002 | third-party-advisory |
| https://hackmd.io/@YzU_KiOzT86cEbFQdBceVg/Bk56LQQYbe | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| JawherKl | node-api-postgres |
Affected:
2.0
Affected: 2.1 Affected: 2.2 Affected: 2.3 Affected: 2.4 Affected: 2.5 |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4180 (GCVE-0-2026-4180)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 13:32 – Updated: 2026-03-17 15:17 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
D-Link DIR-816 goahead redirect.asp access control
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file redirect.asp of the component goahead. The manipulation of the argument token_id leads to improper access controls. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351084 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351084 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769828 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4105 (GCVE-0-2026-4105)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 08:52 – Updated: 2026-04-30 16:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Systemd: systemd: privilege escalation via improper access control in registermachine d-bus method
Summary
A flaw was found in systemd. The systemd-machined service contains an Improper Access Control vulnerability due to insufficient validation of the class parameter in the RegisterMachine D-Bus (Desktop Bus) method. A local unprivileged user can exploit this by attempting to register a machine with a specific class value, which may leave behind a usable, attacker-controlled machine object. This allows the attacker to invoke methods on the privileged object, leading to the execution of arbitrary commands with root privileges on the host system.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7299 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4105 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447262 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/systemd/systemd/security/advis… |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
260.1-2.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
Date Public
2026-03-13 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-4027 (GCVE-0-2026-4027)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:15 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FlexNet Manager Suite Attachment File Disclosure
Summary
A security vulnerability has been identified in FlexNet Manager Suite 2025 R1 and R2 that could allow unauthorized access to attachment files due to insufficient access control.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.flexera.com/s/feed/0D5PL00000ssjNi0AI | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexera | FlexNet Manager Suite |
Affected:
2025 R1 , ≤ 2025 R2
(custom)
Unaffected: 2026 R1 (custom) |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4026 (GCVE-0-2026-4026)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 12:59 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FlexNet Manager Suite Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
A security vulnerability has been identified in FlexNet Manager Suite 2025 R1 that could allow an authenticated user with read-only access to account settings to escalate their privileges to Administrator level.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.flexera.com/s/feed/0D5PL00000rJX5K0AW | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexera | FlexNet Manager Suite |
Affected:
2025 R1
(custom)
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CVE-2026-3800 (GCVE-0-2026-3800)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 03:32 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:01 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester/janobe Resort Reservation System controller.php doInsert unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester/janobe Resort Reservation System 1.0. Affected is the function doInsert of the file /controller.php?action=add. Such manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349767 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349767 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768978 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768998 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/xiahao90/CVEproject/blob/main/… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Resort Reservation System |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| janobe | Resort Reservation System |
Affected:
1.0
|
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CVE-2026-3797 (GCVE-0-2026-3797)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 02:32 – Updated: 2026-03-10 20:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tiandy Video Surveillance System 视频监控平台 CLS_REST_File.java uploadFile unrestricted upload
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tiandy Video Surveillance System 视频监控平台 7.17.0. The impacted element is the function uploadFile of the file /src/com/tiandy/easy7/core/rest/CLS_REST_File.java. The manipulation of the argument fileName leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349764 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349764 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.766386 | third-party-advisory |
| https://my.feishu.cn/docx/P3Bgdl9BHocn66xCMpCcgCD… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tiandy | Video Surveillance System 视频监控平台 |
Affected:
7.17.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-3796 (GCVE-0-2026-3796)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 02:32 – Updated: 2026-03-10 20:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Qi-ANXIN QAX Virus Removal Mini Filter Driver QKSecureIO_Imp.sys ZwTerminateProcess access control
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Qi-ANXIN QAX Virus Removal up to 2025-10-22. The affected element is the function ZwTerminateProcess in the library QKSecureIO_Imp.sys of the component Mini Filter Driver. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper access controls. The attack is restricted to local execution. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349763 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349763 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.758991 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cwjchoi01/FocusKiller | related |
| https://github.com/cwjchoi01/FocusKiller/tree/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qi-ANXIN | QAX Virus Removal |
Affected:
2025-10-22
|
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CVE-2026-3749 (GCVE-0-2026-3749)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-08 16:02 – Updated: 2026-03-11 19:39 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bytedesk SVG File UploadRestService.java handleFileUpload unrestricted upload
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Bytedesk up to 1.3.9. This vulnerability affects the function handleFileUpload of the file source-code/src/main/java/com/bytedesk/core/upload/UploadRestService.java of the component SVG File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 1.4.5.1 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called 975e39e4dd527596987559f56c5f9f973f64eff7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349727 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349727 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768030 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#is… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#is… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/commit/975e3… | patch |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-434",
"description": "Unrestricted Upload",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-284",
"description": "Improper Access Controls",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-08T16:02:14.273Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-349727 | Bytedesk SVG File UploadRestService.java handleFileUpload unrestricted upload",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349727"
},
{
"name": "VDB-349727 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349727"
},
{
"name": "Submit #768030 | Bytedesk \u003c=1.3.9 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.768030"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#issuecomment-3976672845"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#issue-3993480676"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/commit/975e39e4dd527596987559f56c5f9f973f64eff7"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/releases/tag/v1.4.5.1"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-07T21:28:40.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Bytedesk SVG File UploadRestService.java handleFileUpload unrestricted upload"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-3749",
"datePublished": "2026-03-08T16:02:14.273Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-03-07T20:23:08.679Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-11T19:39:49.199Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design
Operation
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.