Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-276

Allowed

Incorrect Default Permissions

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

During installation, installed file permissions are set to allow anyone to modify those files.

2035 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-7Q22-VF3P-QVWP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-13 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-15 15:31
VLAI
Details

Foresight GC3 Launch Monitor 1.3.15.68 ships with a Target Communication Framework (TCF) service enabled. This service listens on a TCP port on all interfaces and allows for process debugging, file system modification, and terminal access as the root user. In conjunction with a hosted wireless access point and the known passphrase of FSSPORTS, an attacker could use this service to modify a device and steal intellectual property.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-40187"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Foresight GC3 Launch Monitor 1.3.15.68 ships with a Target Communication Framework (TCF) service enabled. This service listens on a TCP port on all interfaces and allows for process debugging, file system modification, and terminal access as the root user. In conjunction with a hosted wireless access point and the known passphrase of FSSPORTS, an attacker could use this service to modify a device and steal intellectual property.",
  "id": "GHSA-7q22-vf3p-qvwp",
  "modified": "2025-05-15T15:31:08Z",
  "published": "2022-10-13T12:00:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40187"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/atredispartners/advisories/blob/master/ATREDIS-2022-0003.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.eclipse.org/TCF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bushnellgolf.com/products/launch-monitors/launch-pro"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foresightsports.com/gc3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7Q2F-M5M9-J577

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-23 00:00
VLAI
Details

Incorrect default permissions for the Intel(R) Support Android application before 21.07.40 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-27500"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-18T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect default permissions for the Intel(R) Support Android application before 21.07.40 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-7q2f-m5m9-j577",
  "modified": "2022-08-23T00:00:16Z",
  "published": "2022-08-19T00:00:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00660.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QPC-9FJW-5C32

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2023-01-19 15:30
VLAI
Details

A Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability in the packaging of cups of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11-SP4-LTSS, SUSE Manager Server 4.0, SUSE OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 9; openSUSE Leap 15.2, Factory allows local attackers with control of the lp users to create files as root with 0644 permissions without the ability to set the content. This issue affects: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11-SP4-LTSS cups versions prior to 1.3.9. SUSE Manager Server 4.0 cups versions prior to 2.2.7. SUSE OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 9 cups versions prior to 1.7.5. openSUSE Leap 15.2 cups versions prior to 2.2.7. openSUSE Factory cups version 2.3.3op2-2.1 and prior versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25317"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-05T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability in the packaging of cups of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11-SP4-LTSS, SUSE Manager Server 4.0, SUSE OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 9; openSUSE Leap 15.2, Factory allows local attackers with control of the lp users to create files as root with 0644 permissions without the ability to set the content. This issue affects: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11-SP4-LTSS cups versions prior to 1.3.9. SUSE Manager Server 4.0 cups versions prior to 2.2.7. SUSE OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 9 cups versions prior to 1.7.5. openSUSE Leap 15.2 cups versions prior to 2.2.7. openSUSE Factory cups version 2.3.3op2-2.1 and prior versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qpc-9fjw-5c32",
  "modified": "2023-01-19T15:30:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:49:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1184161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GWPGZLT3U776Q5YPPSA6LGFWWBDWBVH3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/H74BP746O5NNVCBUTLLZYAFBPESFVECV"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S37IDQGHTORQ3Z6VRDQIGBYVOI27YG47"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QQG-M879-Q5XJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:31
VLAI
Details

Incorrect default permissions in some Intel(R) GPA software installers before version 2023.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-43629"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T21:15:56Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect default permissions in some Intel(R) GPA software installers before version 2023.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qqg-m879-q5xj",
  "modified": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43629"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00831.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QRV-WF2W-98MM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49
VLAI
Details

Insecure Permissions in Centreon Web versions 19.10.18, 20.04.8, and 20.10.2 allows remote attackers to bypass validation by changing any file extension to ".gif", then uploading it in the "Administration/ Parameters/ Images" section of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26804"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-04T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insecure Permissions in Centreon Web versions 19.10.18, 20.04.8, and 20.10.2 allows remote attackers to bypass validation by changing any file extension to \".gif\", then uploading it in the \"Administration/ Parameters/ Images\" section of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qrv-wf2w-98mm",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:49:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@pedro.ferreira.phf/vulnerability-affecting-some-versions-of-centreon-2b34bd6dc621"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-7QWF-6QXG-9CQ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

A container privilege escalation flaw was found in certain Red Hat Process Automation Manager images. This issue stems from the /etc/passwd file being created with group-writable permissions during build time. In certain conditions, an attacker who can execute commands within an affected container, even as a non-root user, can leverage their membership in the root group to modify the /etc/passwd file. This could allow the attacker to add a new user with any arbitrary UID, including UID 0, leading to full root privileges within the container.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58713"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T14:16:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A container privilege escalation flaw was found in certain Red Hat Process Automation Manager images. This issue stems from the /etc/passwd file being created with group-writable permissions during build time. In certain conditions, an attacker who can execute commands within an affected container, even as a non-root user, can leverage their membership in the root group to modify the /etc/passwd file. This could allow the attacker to add a new user with any arbitrary UID, including UID 0, leading to full root privileges within the container.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qwf-6qxg-9cq5",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T15:31:44Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T15:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58713"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-58713"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394419"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QWW-VQ53-6732

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00
VLAI
Details

In ContentService, there is a possible way to determine if an account is on the device without GET_ACCOUNTS permission due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-200573021

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-20303"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In ContentService, there is a possible way to determine if an account is on the device without GET_ACCOUNTS permission due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-200573021",
  "id": "GHSA-7qww-vq53-6732",
  "modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:22Z",
  "published": "2022-08-13T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7QXP-C5WR-2C8J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

Incorrect default permissions for some Intel(R) Chipset Software before version 10.1.20266.8668 or later. within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires active user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-36522"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T17:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect default permissions for some Intel(R) Chipset Software before version 10.1.20266.8668 or later. within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires active user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
  "id": "GHSA-7qxp-c5wr-2c8j",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T18:30:40Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01411.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7R3J-QMR4-JFPJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-28 15:47 – Updated: 2024-05-31 20:33
VLAI
Summary
Kaminari Insecure File Permissions Vulnerability
Details

A moderate severity security vulnerability has been identified in the Kaminari pagination library for Ruby on Rails, concerning insecure file permissions. This advisory outlines the vulnerability, affected versions, and provides guidance for mitigation.

Impact

This vulnerability is of moderate severity due to the potential for unauthorized write access to particular Ruby files managed by the library. Such access could lead to the alteration of application behavior or data integrity issues.

Resolution

Those who use the gem install command, such as gem install kaminari -v 0.16.1, gem unpack kaminari -v 0.16.1, or bundle install to download the package would not be affected and no action is required.

Those who manually download and decompressing the affected versions are advised to update to 0.16.2 or later version of Kaminari where file permissions have been adjusted to enhance security.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not feasible immediately, manually adjusting the file permissions on the server to 644 to restrict access is a viable interim measure.

All Affected Versions:

lib/kaminari/models/page_scope_methods.rb

In addition to the previously mentioned files, security tools like AWS Inspector might also identify other files as unsafe. These files, although not loaded or used at runtime, may still be flagged. To avoid any potential confusion in your logs and ensure system integrity, we recommend updating the permissions for these files as well. This proactive measure helps maintain a clean security posture and minimizes unnecessary alerts.

Version 0.15.0 and 0.15.1:

spec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb

Version 0.16.0:

spec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb
spec/models/mongoid/mongoid_spec.rb

Version 0.16.1:

spec/models/active_record/scopes_spec.rb
spec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb
spec/models/mongoid/mongoid_spec.rb
gemfiles/data_mapper_12.gemfile
gemfiles/active_record_32.gemfile

References

Official Kaminari repository link (this page)

Acknowledgements

We thank Gareth Jones for discovering and reporting this issue. Their diligent work is instrumental in our ongoing efforts to maintain and improve software security.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.16.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "kaminari"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.15.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.16.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32978"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-28T15:47:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-27T16:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A moderate severity security vulnerability has been identified in the Kaminari pagination library for Ruby on Rails, concerning insecure file permissions. This advisory outlines the vulnerability, affected versions, and provides guidance for mitigation.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability is of moderate severity due to the potential for unauthorized write access to particular Ruby files managed by the library. Such access could lead to the alteration of application behavior or data integrity issues.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThose who use the `gem install` command, such as `gem install kaminari -v 0.16.1`, `gem unpack kaminari -v 0.16.1`, or `bundle install` to download the package would **_not_** be affected and no action is required. \n\nThose who manually download and decompressing the affected versions are advised to update to 0.16.2 or later version of Kaminari where file permissions have been adjusted to enhance security.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not feasible immediately, manually adjusting the file permissions on the server to `644` to restrict access is a viable interim measure.\n\n#### All Affected Versions:\n\n```\nlib/kaminari/models/page_scope_methods.rb\n```\n\nIn addition to the previously mentioned files, security tools like AWS Inspector might also identify other files as unsafe. These files, although not loaded or used at runtime, may still be flagged. To avoid any potential confusion in your logs and ensure system integrity, we recommend updating the permissions for these files as well. This proactive measure helps maintain a clean security posture and minimizes unnecessary alerts.\n\n#### Version 0.15.0 and 0.15.1:\n\n```\nspec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb\n```\n\n#### Version 0.16.0:\n\n```\nspec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb\nspec/models/mongoid/mongoid_spec.rb\n```\n\n#### Version 0.16.1:\n\n```\nspec/models/active_record/scopes_spec.rb\nspec/models/mongo_mapper/mongo_mapper_spec.rb\nspec/models/mongoid/mongoid_spec.rb\ngemfiles/data_mapper_12.gemfile\ngemfiles/active_record_32.gemfile\n```\n\n### References\n\nOfficial Kaminari repository link (this page)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nWe thank [Gareth Jones](https://github.com/G-Rath) for discovering and reporting this issue. Their diligent work is instrumental in our ongoing efforts to maintain and improve software security.",
  "id": "GHSA-7r3j-qmr4-jfpj",
  "modified": "2024-05-31T20:33:21Z",
  "published": "2024-05-28T15:47:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kaminari/kaminari/security/advisories/GHSA-7r3j-qmr4-jfpj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32978"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kaminari/kaminari"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/kaminari/CVE-2024-32978.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kaminari Insecure File Permissions Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-7R8V-7V58-4R7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-11 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:35
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in TSplus Remote Access through 16.0.2.14. There are Full Control permissions for Everyone on some directories under %PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\TSplus\Clients\www.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31067"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-11T19:15:41Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in TSplus Remote Access through 16.0.2.14. There are Full Control permissions for Everyone on some directories under %PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\\TSplus\\Clients\\www.",
  "id": "GHSA-7r8v-7v58-4r7m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:35:43Z",
  "published": "2023-09-11T21:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31067"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51679"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174275/TSPlus-16.0.2.14-Insecure-Permissions.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

The architecture needs to access and modification attributes for files to only those users who actually require those actions.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.